Abstract:In this work, recycled high-density polyethylene plastic (r-HDPE) reinforced with ilmenite mineral (Ilm) (0, 15, 30, and 45 wt%) as a sustainable and flexible radiation shielding material was manufactured using the melt blending method.
“…14 b, i.e. , a reduction with increasing photon energy and a rise with increasing LaFeO 3 content 31 , 52 . Figure 14 Variation ( a ) the total atomic cross section (σ t, a ), ( b ) the total electronic cross section (σ t, e ) versus the photon energy for PMMA/PVAc + x% LaFeO 3 composite films.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…At low energies ( E < 0.5 MeV), the photoelectric effect (PE) interaction is very strong. The absorption cross-section is related to the atomic number ( Z 4–5 ) and inversely proportional to the photon energy (E (7/2) ) 31 . The PMMA/PVAc blend composite film has the lowest LAC values, whereas the 10 wt% LaFeO 3 composite film has the most significant.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, the mean free path (MFP) is the average distance a photon travels between two subsequent interactions. The HVL, TVL, MFP, the total atomic cross section (σ t,a ), the total electronic cross section (σ t,e ), the effective atomic number ( Z eff ), and the effective electron number ( N eff ) are provided in the formulae (( 3 )–( 9 )) 30 , 31 ; …”
This work is an attempt to develop flexible radiation shielding based on a blend of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and LaFeO3 nanoparticles (NPs). LaFeO3 and LaFeO3/PMMA/PVAc were made using simple chemical techniques. A high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that well-crystallized LaFeO3 NPs with particles 79 nm in size and an orthorhombic shape were obtained. In addition, XRD confirmed the existence of PMMA, PVAc, and LaFeO3 in the nanocomposite films. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed that the LaFeO3 NPs and the reactive functional groups in the blend interacted with each other. Field emission-scan electron microscope (FE-SEM) analysis showed that PMMA and PVAc form a homogenous blend and that the LaFeO3 NPs were spread out inside and on the blend surface. The samples showed transmittance in the range of 30–74% and a small extinction coefficient (≤ 0.08). The samples exhibited a dual-band gap structure, and the direct (indirect) band gap shrank from 5.1 to 4.7 eV (4.9 to 4.4 eV). The thermal analyses showed that the samples are thermally stable up to 260 °C. The Phy-X/PSD software was used to figure out the theoretical gamma-ray attenuation parameters, such as the mass attenuation coefficient, the mean free path, and the half-value layer, for different PMMA/PVAc + x% LaFeO3 composites. It is demonstrated that the PMMA/PVAc + 10 wt% LaFeO3 sample exhibits much better shielding effectiveness than PMMA/PVAc, and hence it is suitable for protecting against radiation.
“…14 b, i.e. , a reduction with increasing photon energy and a rise with increasing LaFeO 3 content 31 , 52 . Figure 14 Variation ( a ) the total atomic cross section (σ t, a ), ( b ) the total electronic cross section (σ t, e ) versus the photon energy for PMMA/PVAc + x% LaFeO 3 composite films.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…At low energies ( E < 0.5 MeV), the photoelectric effect (PE) interaction is very strong. The absorption cross-section is related to the atomic number ( Z 4–5 ) and inversely proportional to the photon energy (E (7/2) ) 31 . The PMMA/PVAc blend composite film has the lowest LAC values, whereas the 10 wt% LaFeO 3 composite film has the most significant.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, the mean free path (MFP) is the average distance a photon travels between two subsequent interactions. The HVL, TVL, MFP, the total atomic cross section (σ t,a ), the total electronic cross section (σ t,e ), the effective atomic number ( Z eff ), and the effective electron number ( N eff ) are provided in the formulae (( 3 )–( 9 )) 30 , 31 ; …”
This work is an attempt to develop flexible radiation shielding based on a blend of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and LaFeO3 nanoparticles (NPs). LaFeO3 and LaFeO3/PMMA/PVAc were made using simple chemical techniques. A high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that well-crystallized LaFeO3 NPs with particles 79 nm in size and an orthorhombic shape were obtained. In addition, XRD confirmed the existence of PMMA, PVAc, and LaFeO3 in the nanocomposite films. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed that the LaFeO3 NPs and the reactive functional groups in the blend interacted with each other. Field emission-scan electron microscope (FE-SEM) analysis showed that PMMA and PVAc form a homogenous blend and that the LaFeO3 NPs were spread out inside and on the blend surface. The samples showed transmittance in the range of 30–74% and a small extinction coefficient (≤ 0.08). The samples exhibited a dual-band gap structure, and the direct (indirect) band gap shrank from 5.1 to 4.7 eV (4.9 to 4.4 eV). The thermal analyses showed that the samples are thermally stable up to 260 °C. The Phy-X/PSD software was used to figure out the theoretical gamma-ray attenuation parameters, such as the mass attenuation coefficient, the mean free path, and the half-value layer, for different PMMA/PVAc + x% LaFeO3 composites. It is demonstrated that the PMMA/PVAc + 10 wt% LaFeO3 sample exhibits much better shielding effectiveness than PMMA/PVAc, and hence it is suitable for protecting against radiation.
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