Recyclable ZnIn₂S₄ Microspheres for Photocatalytic Azolation of N-Heterocycles

Abstract

A series of zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn2S4) were synthesized by solvothermal methods in different solvents. After characterizations, the ZnIn2S4 prepared in ethanol (i.e., ZIS-1) showed the highest photocurrent density. With the ZIS-1 as a photocatalyst, the direct C–H azolation of N-heterocycles including quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, quinazoline, and 2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-2-ones (32 examples) was realized in an air atmosphere under blue light (456 nm). More importantly, the microspherical photocatalyst ZIS-1 is stable in the catalytic process and can be used at least five times while the reactivity remains unchanged. In addition, this practical approach is also applicable to some other complex molecules of interest, such as ibuprofen and isoxepac.

Enhancing energy transfer through visible-light-driven polymerization in a metal–organic framework

“…The reaction substrate 1a loses a proton to give the target product after attacking the positive oxyanide ion, while HO 2 − gains a proton to generate H 2 O 2 . 41…”

Visible-Light-Induced Cascade Cyclization of 1-Acryloyl-2-cyanoindole: Access of Difluoroalkylated Pyrrolo[1,2-a]indolediones

“…6 Hz),132.6,130.5,130.2,129.4,129.1,129.0,128.9,128.8,124. 13 C{ 1 H} NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 190.0, 170.2, 135.6 (t, J F−C = 3.2 Hz), 133.7 (t, J F−C = 23.1 Hz), 132. 9, 132.7, 132.0, 130.5, 130.2, 130.1, 129.5, 129.1, 128.9, 128.8, 125.6, 125.5, 125.2 4 Hz,2H),2H),7.24 (d,J H−H = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.07 (d, J H−H = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 2.91−2.82 (m, 2H), 2.55 (q, J H−H = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.49 (s, 3H), 1.14 (t, J H−H = 7.6 Hz, 3H). 13 C{ 1 H} NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 190.0, 170.2, 146.5, 133.0 (t, J F−C = 25.…”

“…6, 169.3, 136.8, 135.7 (t, J F−C = 25.7 Hz), 135.3, 132.3, 130.2, 129.5, 128.4, 125.9, 124.7 (t, J F−C = 6.1 Hz), 124.1, 121.2 (t, J F−C = 243. 1 Hz),115.4,66.4,53.7,44.8 (t,J 1H), 7.47−7.42 (m, 2H), 7.36−7.25 (m, 6H), 2.92−2.81 (m, 2H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 1.50 (s, 3H). 13 C{ 1 H} NMR (100 MHz, CDCl 3 ) δ 190.0, 170.2, 138.4, 135.9 (t, J F−C = 26.…”

“…Over recent years, several elegant strategies for the preparation of difluoroalkylated (hetero)­arenes have been reported through transition-metal or transition-metal-free catalyzed oxidative decarboxylative C­(sp 2 )–H functionalization. Currently, visible-light-mediated photoredox catalysis presents an enticing and attractive methodology to access a broad range of synthetically valuable organic transformations under gentle conditions . The generation of difluoroalkyl radicals via photocatalysis has been established as an efficient protocol for constructing ArCF 2 -containing heterocycles.…”

Recyclable Copper Indium Sulfide Quantum Dots for Photocatalytic Homocoupling of Arenediazonium Tetrafluoroborates

“…In the past decades, photochemistry has been proved to be an efficient and versatile tool for organic synthesis because of its advantages of simple operation, low energy consumption, environmental friendliness, compatible functional groups, and mild conditions. − Especially, heterogeneous photocatalysis has attracted more and more attention because of its advantages of easy separation and reuse, high thermal stability, and physical and chemical stability. − Among them, cheap and recyclable semiconductors represent an attractive alternative photocatalyst. − CuInS 2 QDs are a direct transition semiconductor with a suitable band gap energy of about 1.53 eV and do not contain any toxic heavy metals. It can provide photoluminescence (PL) emission ranging from the visible to the region, and have broad absorption, large light absorption coefficient, and chemical stability. , Accordingly, CuInS 2 QDs have been successfully applied in numerous fields including water splitting, pollutant degradation, H 2 production, and CO 2 reduction, biological activity .…”