Recyclable graphite oxide catalyzed Friedel–Crafts addition of indoles to α,β-unsaturated ketones

Kumar, A. Vijay; Rao, K. Rama

doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.08.002

Cited by 147 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The Friedel–Crafts reaction is a classical reaction that utilizes strong Lewis acid catalysts such as FeCl 3 or AlCl 3 for the alkylation or acylation of aromatic rings. Rao and co‐workers demonstrated the catalytic capability of GiO for the Friedel–Crafts Michael‐type addition of indole to α,β‐unsaturated ketones (Scheme ) 31. The performance of GiO surpassed other catalysts, such as graphite, activated charcoal, iron oxide nanoparticles, copper oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, and H 2 SO 4 .…”

Section: Cmgs As Carbocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbocatalysis: The State of “Metal‐Free” Catalysis

Chua

Pumera

2015

Chemistry A European J

105

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The rise in global demand for crucial chemical compounds has driven immense research in the fundamental science of catalysis. Graphene and its derivatives (chemically modified graphene, CMGs) have recently emerged as a new class of heterogeneous catalyst that promises economically viable and greener routes to these compounds. Although CMGs possess unique catalytic properties, the actual active sites are often points of discussion. Current minimal understanding on the possible effects of metallic impurities on the electrocatalytic performances of these CMGs calls forth the need to raise awareness on possible metallic impurities misrepresenting the actual chemical catalytic performances of the CMGs. This Minireview highlights the latest advances in the application of CMGs as catalysts, with an emphasis on the possible effects of metallic impurities on CMG catalysis.

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Section: Cmgs As Carbocatalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbocatalysis: The State of “Metal‐Free” Catalysis

Chua

Pumera

2015

Chemistry A European J

105

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“…The ability of GO to serve as ag reen oxidanth as been reported by Bielawski et al [38][39][40] for the conversion of cisstilbenes into their corresponding diketones,a nd it hasa lso been used as ac atalystf or the facile and selective preparation of disulfides and sulfoxides from thiols ands ulfides, respectively. [44] Catalytic applicationso fG Oa sasolid acid have been extensively studied, including in Michael-typeF riedel-Crafts reactions, [45] aza-Michael additions, [41] and ring-opening polymerizations. [42] Most of these reactions need to be catalyzed by a huge amount of graphene oxide (often in the range of 50-200 wt %w ith respect to the substrate) by operating at high temperatures and in the presence of solvents.…”

Section: Catalytic Activity Of Go In Organic Synthesis Under Solvent-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene‐Based Carbocatalysts for Thermoset Polymers and for Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Organic Synthesis

Acocella

Guerra

2018

ChemCatChem

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This review reports on the catalytic activity of graphene oxide (GO) and high‐surface‐area graphite (HSAG) for some relevant organic reactions. It is shown that the main drawbacks of graphite‐based catalysts, that is, high catalyst loading and generally poor selectivity, can often be removed by operating under solvent‐free conditions. Moreover, some reactions that are catalyzed by GO as well as HSAG are presented. For these reactions, π stacking of the aromatic substrates with the graphitic planes plays a predominant role in the catalytic activity and the unexpected diastereoselective and enantioselective behaviors.

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“…The acid exchange capacity was determined to be 1.931 mmol g −1 (0.08 mmol

_{H^{+}}

g −1 ) by potentiometric titration, giving approximately 80 % yield of ethyl acetate in esterification of acetic acid with ethanol at 70 °C 145. Recently, the catalytic applications of GO as a solid acid have been extensively explored in many reactions,13 including Friedel–Crafts reaction,147 aza ‐Michael additions,148 and ring‐opening polymerization 149. Sulfonated groups can be anchored on GO to form a water‐tolerant solid acid catalyst with strongly acidic sites of 2.0 mmol g −1 150.…”

Section: Carbonaceous Materials For Catalytic Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal‐Free Carbonaceous Materials as Promising Heterogeneous Catalysts

et al. 2015

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Metal‐free carbonaceous materials have attracted considerable interests as heterogeneous catalysts owing to their superior physiochemical properties over metal‐based catalysts, such as low cost, no pollution, chemical and thermal stabilities, as well as readily tailorable porous structure and surface chemistry. This review article provides an overview of the fundamentals and recent advances in the field of metal‐free carbon catalysts, including graphenes, carbon nanotubes, mesoporous carbons, graphitic carbon nitrides, and related composites. Special focus is placed on their controllable preparation and applications in gas phase, liquid phase, electrochemical, and photocatalytic reactions, as well as defect and surface chemistry related catalytic activities of carbon materials. Some perspectives are highlighted on the development of more efficient metal‐free carbonaceous catalysts featuring high stability, low cost, optimized structures, and enhanced performance, which are the key factors to accelerate the designed preparation and commercialization of carbocatalysts.

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Recyclable graphite oxide catalyzed Friedel–Crafts addition of indoles to α,β-unsaturated ketones

Cited by 147 publications

References 23 publications

Carbocatalysis: The State of “Metal‐Free” Catalysis

Carbocatalysis: The State of “Metal‐Free” Catalysis

Graphene‐Based Carbocatalysts for Thermoset Polymers and for Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Organic Synthesis

Metal‐Free Carbonaceous Materials as Promising Heterogeneous Catalysts

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