Recyclable Choline Nicotinate and Ferulate Aqueous Solutions as Efficient Lignin Solvents

Abstract

Four novel choline carboxylate aqueous solution systems were developed by mixing H2O with choline nicotinate [Ch][Na], choline ferulate [Ch][Fa], choline vanillate [Ch][Va] and choline syringate [Ch][Sa]. The solubility of lignin in the four solvents was determined at 25 °C. The influence of the molar ratio of H2O to [Ch][Na] ([Ch][Fa], [Ch][Va] and [Ch][Sa]) and the anionic structure on lignin solubility were systematically investigated. It was found that, the anionic structure and H2O content significantly affected lignin dissolution. Interestingly, H2O/[Ch][Na] and H2O/[Ch][Fa] solvents show efficient capacity for lignin dissolution even at room temperatures. The dissolution of lignin in H2O/[Ch][Na] and H2O/[Ch][Fa] solvents is mainly ascribed to the interaction of lignin with the alkyl chain in the anion and cation dissociated from [Ch][Na]([Ch][Fa]) by H2O. In addition, the recycling of the lignin solvent was examined, and the structure and thermostability of the lignin regenerated from the solvent were also estimated.

A Study of the Pyrolysis Products of Kraft Lignin

“…Several thermochemical methods have been developed and used in the conversion of biomasses into chemicals [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. For sure, pyrolysis is the most commonly used, where thermal conversion in an oxygen-free environment is carried out, allowing the production of a bio-oil, together with a biochar and pyrolysis gas in different ratios as a function of the process conditions and the feedstock's properties [15].…”