Recyclable Antibacterial Magnetic Nanoparticles Grafted with Quaternized Poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) Brushes

Abstract

Highly efficient recyclable antibacterial magnetite nanoparticles consisting of a magnetic Fe(3)O(4) core with an antibacterial poly(quaternary ammonium) (PQA) coating were prepared in an efficient four-step process. The synthetic pathway included: (1) preparation of Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles via coprecipitation of Fe(2+)/Fe(3+) in the presence of an alkaline solution; (2) attachment of an ATRP initiating functionality to the surface of the nanoparticles; (3) surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA); and (4) transformation of PDMAEMA brushes to PQA via quaternization with ethyl bromide. The success of the surface functionalization was confirmed by FT-IR, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), elemental analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The PQA-modified magnetite nanoparticles were dispersed in water and exhibited a response to an external magnetic field, making the nanoparticles easy to remove from water after antibacterial tests. The PQA-modified magnetite nanoparticles retained 100% biocidal efficiency against E. coli (10(5) to 10(6)E. coli/mg nanoparticles) during eight exposure/collect/recycle procedures without washing with any solvents or water.

Fabrication of nonfouling, bactericidal, and bacteria corpse release multifunctional surface through surface-initiated RAFT polymerization

“…Preparation of polymer brushes is an effective approach to modify the surface of biomaterials that can be constructed through either "grafting onto" or "grafting from" method. 32 There are two main advantages of this approach: 1) surface properties can be tuned through changing the component of the polymer brushes and 2) the high mechanical and chemical robustness can lead to long-term stability. In comparison, high grafting density on the surface usually can be used to initiate the "grafting from" polymerization and high thickness coating can be obtained through this approach.…”

Development of biomaterial surfaces with and without microbial nanosegments

“…Poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) based-copolymers as well as poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) also show antimicrobial activity [23][24][25][26]. Quaternization of PDMAEMA or its copolymers by changing to alkyl quaternized derivatives is further used to improve antimicrobial activity.…”

Preparation of Magnetic Polyimidazolium Microspheres by Surface-Initiated ATRP

“…Among of them have been widely studied as they possess intriguing magnetic and catalytic properties, and they can be used in optical devices and chemical reactions as magnetically recyclable catalysts [1] , as well as in bioimaging, targeted drug delivery, and in vivo diagnosis [2][3][4][5] …”