Recurrent renal calculi in coexistence of horseshoe kidney and medullary sponge kidney

Cheungpasitporn, Wisit; Pawar, Aditya S.; Erickson, Stephen B.

doi:10.4103/ua.ua_173_16

Cited by 3 publications

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“…[ 14 18 19 20 21 22 ] Second, previous studies have demonstrated that metabolic factors including hyperparathyroidism, low urine volumes, hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, hyperuricosuria, and hypocitraturia[ 15 18 23 24 25 ] are common in patients with HSK, which may contribute to higher stone formation. Third, the previous reports have demonstrated coexistent HSK with medullary sponge kidney,[ 40 41 42 ] a known cause of stone disease. [ 43 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Incidence and characteristics of kidney stones in patients with horseshoe kidney: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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Introduction:The horseshoe kidney (HSK) is the most common type of renal fusion anomaly. The incidence and characteristics of kidney stones in patients with HSK are not well studied. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the incidence and types of kidney stones in patients with HSK.Methods:A systematic literature search was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews from the databases' inception through November 2016. Studies assessing the incidence and types of kidney stones in patients with HSK were included. We applied a random-effects model to estimate the incidence of kidney stones. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; no. CRD42016052037).Results:A total of 14 observational studies with 943 patients (522 adults and 421 pediatric) with HSK were enrolled. The estimated pooled incidence of kidney stones was 36% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15%–59%) in adults with the HSK. Kidney stones were less common in pediatric patients with HSK with an estimated pooled incidence of 3% (95% CI, 2%–5%). The mean age of adult stone formers with HSK was 44.9 ± 6.2 years, and 75% were males. Within reported studies, 89.2% of kidney stones were calcium-based stones (64.2% calcium oxalate [CaOx], 18.8% calcium phosphate [CaP], and 6.2% mixed CaOx/CaP), followed by struvite stones (4.2%), uric acid stones (3.8%), and others (2.8%).Conclusions:Kidney stones are very common in adult patients with HSK with an estimated incidence of 36%. Calcium-based stones are the most prevalent kidney stones in adults with HSKs. These findings may impact the prevention and clinical management of kidney stones in patients with HSK.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Incidence and characteristics of kidney stones in patients with horseshoe kidney: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2018

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“…CT imaging of his abdomen and pelvis was done and saw nephrolithiasis associated with the patient's horseshoe kidney. About 20% to 80% of patients with horseshoe kidney can present with kidney stones [1]. However, imaging also found a rare and never-before reported anatomical abnormality pertaining to his inferior vena cava (IVC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous Circumrenal Inferior Vena Cava Associated With Horseshoe Kidney

Hussain

Han

Colvin

et al. 2021

Cureus

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A 69-year-old male presented with periumbilical pain radiating across his abdomen, with associated nausea and emesis. CT imaging of his abdomen and pelvis revealed calculi in the right and left ureterovesical junctions with hydroureteronephrosis bilaterally. Furthermore, the imaging revealed that the patient had a horseshoe kidney with an associated anomalous inferior vena cava (IVC) that split superiorly to the horseshoe kidney at the L1 level and rejoined inferior to the horseshoe kidney at the L5 level. The IVC took on a "circumrenal" course, as it traversed the right kidney with an anterior and posterior portion. Furthermore, the patient's right ureter was compressed between the anterior portion of the IVC and the right kidney. We hypothesize that the development of the horseshoe kidney around the 7 to 8th week of gestation created a path of resistance for the forming of IVC around the same time. While surgical correction is not warranted, recognition of this circumrenal IVC variant could have major implications for planning of procedures, such as IVC filter placement.

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“…This rare renal malformation has been seen with other renal manifestations including Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, polycystic renal disease, Wilms Tumor, Horseshoe Kidney, Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, Cakut syndrome, and Caroli syndrome 2,3,10,11. The genetic association between MSK and Caroli’s disease (CD) is known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Medullary Sponge Kidney: Current Perspectives</p>

Imam¹,

Patail²,

Patail³

2019

IJNRD

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Medullary Sponge Kidney (MSK) disease is a rare congenital malformation of the distal nephron where cystic dilatation is appreciable in the collecting ducts and renal papillae. Most cases of the malformation are thought to arise from a malfunction within neurotrophic factor and tyrosine kinase interactions. Presentation and prognosis are usually indolent; however, they include urinary tract infections (UTI), nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) and hypocitraturia. With an insidious and asymptomatic onset, MSK is a difficult renal manifestation to both diagnose and treat. Difficulty diagnosing MSK today arises from clinical settings deviating from the usage of contrast methods when assessing the urogenital tract. Many healthcare standards for kidney disorders center diagnosis around imaging techniques rather than contrast methods. This ultimately leads to a decrease in the total number of confirmed cases of MSK. Though intra-venous urogram (IVU) remains as the current gold standard to diagnose MSK, other methods such as endoscopy and Multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) are being put into place. Endoscopic examination and renal biopsy may allow definitive diagnosis; however, such invasive methods may be considered excessive. Moving forward, differential diagnoses for MSK can be made more precisely when patients present with other renal manifestations, especially in groups at risk. These groups include patients between the age of 20 and 30, patients with other renal malformations, high sodium diet patients, hyperparathyroid patients, and patients with family history of MSK. Basic treatment is aimed at controlling stone formation by stabilizing urinary pH. Treatment for patients, especially those prone to forming stones, includes the application of potassium citrate compounds, prophylactic water and diet control, surgical intervention or lithotripsy for removal of symptomatic kidney stones.

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Recurrent renal calculi in coexistence of horseshoe kidney and medullary sponge kidney

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Incidence and characteristics of kidney stones in patients with horseshoe kidney: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Incidence and characteristics of kidney stones in patients with horseshoe kidney: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Anomalous Circumrenal Inferior Vena Cava Associated With Horseshoe Kidney

<p>Medullary Sponge Kidney: Current Perspectives</p>

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