Recurrent Lymphocytic Meningitis

Abstract

We could not find evidence of VZV, CMV, or HHV-6 in the pathogenesis of RALM, although most patients were previously infected by those viruses. Herpes simplex virus 2 was detected from the CSF in most patients, and often repeatedly, which further confirms the role of this virus in RALM. The causative diagnosis was obtained only by PCR, whereas antibody analysis was not clinically useful.

Mollaret meningitis: a case report and literature review

“…Tedder et al ( 3 ) collected 13 patients meeting BRLM criteria and detected HSV-2 DNA in 10 cases and HSV-1 DNA in 1 case via CSF PCR. Similar results were reported by Kupila et al ( 4 ), Farazmand et al ( 5 ), with HSV-2 identified in up to 85% of BRLM patients’ CSF. Conversely, approximately 20% of HSV-2 meningitis patients experience recurrence ( 6 , 7 ), leading to a BRLM diagnosis.…”

Mollaret meningitis: a case report and literature review

“…Tedder et al ( 3 ) collected 13 patients meeting BRLM criteria and detected HSV-2 DNA in 10 cases and HSV-1 DNA in 1 case via CSF PCR. Similar results were reported by Kupila et al ( 4 ), Farazmand et al ( 5 ), with HSV-2 identified in up to 85% of BRLM patients’ CSF. Conversely, approximately 20% of HSV-2 meningitis patients experience recurrence ( 6 , 7 ), leading to a BRLM diagnosis.…”

Incidence and clinical features of herpes simplex viruses (1 and 2) and varicella‐zoster virus infections in an adult Korean population with aseptic meningitis or encephalitis

“…This study retrospectively analyzed clinical data and PCR results for three α‐herpesviruses including HSV‐1, HSV‐2, and VZV in patients who presented with suspicion of acute viral meningitis and/or encephalitis at the emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital in Seoul, Korea. The positive rate of three herpesviruses in patients diagnosed with aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, or encephalitis (24/135; 17.8%) is comparable to the results of other studies using PCR in adults [Nowak et al, ; Kupila et al, ]. However, the frequencies of the identified neurotropic herpesviruses were different from some previous studies.…”

Detection ofHerpesvirus,Enterovirus, andArbovirusinfection in patients with suspected central nervous system viral infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon

“…The HHV (HSV‐1, HSV‐2, VZV, EBV, and CMV) can cause a variety of acute infections of the CNS from either a primary infection or reactivation of latent virus, and are often associated with encephalitis and meningitis [Kupila et al, ; Frantzidou et al, ]. The genome of herpesviruses in the present study was detected in more than half of the PCR positive patients.…”

“…It may happen that by the time the patients reach the hospital virus is not detectable in the CNS and this may contribute to the low detection or false negatives. The HHV (HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, and CMV) can cause a variety of acute infections of the CNS from either a primary infection or reactivation of latent virus, and are often associated with encephalitis and meningitis [Kupila et al, 2004;Frantzidou et al, 2008]. The genome of herpesviruses in the present study was detected in more than half of the PCR positive patients.…”

Mollaret meningitis: a case report and literature review

“…Tedder et al ( 3 ) collected 13 patients meeting BRLM criteria and detected HSV-2 DNA in 10 cases and HSV-1 DNA in 1 case via CSF PCR. Similar results were reported by Kupila et al ( 4 ), Farazmand et al ( 5 ), with HSV-2 identified in up to 85% of BRLM patients’ CSF. Conversely, approximately 20% of HSV-2 meningitis patients experience recurrence ( 6 , 7 ), leading to a BRLM diagnosis.…”

Incidence and clinical features of herpes simplex viruses (1 and 2) and varicella‐zoster virus infections in an adult Korean population with aseptic meningitis or encephalitis

“…This study retrospectively analyzed clinical data and PCR results for three α‐herpesviruses including HSV‐1, HSV‐2, and VZV in patients who presented with suspicion of acute viral meningitis and/or encephalitis at the emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital in Seoul, Korea. The positive rate of three herpesviruses in patients diagnosed with aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, or encephalitis (24/135; 17.8%) is comparable to the results of other studies using PCR in adults [Nowak et al, ; Kupila et al, ]. However, the frequencies of the identified neurotropic herpesviruses were different from some previous studies.…”

Detection ofHerpesvirus,Enterovirus, andArbovirusinfection in patients with suspected central nervous system viral infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon

“…The HHV (HSV‐1, HSV‐2, VZV, EBV, and CMV) can cause a variety of acute infections of the CNS from either a primary infection or reactivation of latent virus, and are often associated with encephalitis and meningitis [Kupila et al, ; Frantzidou et al, ]. The genome of herpesviruses in the present study was detected in more than half of the PCR positive patients.…”

“…It may happen that by the time the patients reach the hospital virus is not detectable in the CNS and this may contribute to the low detection or false negatives. The HHV (HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, and CMV) can cause a variety of acute infections of the CNS from either a primary infection or reactivation of latent virus, and are often associated with encephalitis and meningitis [Kupila et al, 2004;Frantzidou et al, 2008]. The genome of herpesviruses in the present study was detected in more than half of the PCR positive patients.…”

Mollaret meningitis: a case report and literature review

“…Tedder et al ( 3 ) collected 13 patients meeting BRLM criteria and detected HSV-2 DNA in 10 cases and HSV-1 DNA in 1 case via CSF PCR. Similar results were reported by Kupila et al ( 4 ), Farazmand et al ( 5 ), with HSV-2 identified in up to 85% of BRLM patients’ CSF. Conversely, approximately 20% of HSV-2 meningitis patients experience recurrence ( 6 , 7 ), leading to a BRLM diagnosis.…”

Incidence and clinical features of herpes simplex viruses (1 and 2) and varicella‐zoster virus infections in an adult Korean population with aseptic meningitis or encephalitis

“…This study retrospectively analyzed clinical data and PCR results for three α‐herpesviruses including HSV‐1, HSV‐2, and VZV in patients who presented with suspicion of acute viral meningitis and/or encephalitis at the emergency department of a tertiary referral hospital in Seoul, Korea. The positive rate of three herpesviruses in patients diagnosed with aseptic meningitis, meningoencephalitis, or encephalitis (24/135; 17.8%) is comparable to the results of other studies using PCR in adults [Nowak et al, ; Kupila et al, ]. However, the frequencies of the identified neurotropic herpesviruses were different from some previous studies.…”

Detection ofHerpesvirus,Enterovirus, andArbovirusinfection in patients with suspected central nervous system viral infection in the Western Brazilian Amazon

“…The HHV (HSV‐1, HSV‐2, VZV, EBV, and CMV) can cause a variety of acute infections of the CNS from either a primary infection or reactivation of latent virus, and are often associated with encephalitis and meningitis [Kupila et al, ; Frantzidou et al, ]. The genome of herpesviruses in the present study was detected in more than half of the PCR positive patients.…”

“…It may happen that by the time the patients reach the hospital virus is not detectable in the CNS and this may contribute to the low detection or false negatives. The HHV (HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, and CMV) can cause a variety of acute infections of the CNS from either a primary infection or reactivation of latent virus, and are often associated with encephalitis and meningitis [Kupila et al, 2004;Frantzidou et al, 2008]. The genome of herpesviruses in the present study was detected in more than half of the PCR positive patients.…”