Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury following single- and multiple-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a meta-analysis

Oh, Lawrence; Dibas, Mahmoud; Ghozy, Sherief; Mobbs, Ralph J.; Phan, Kevin; Faulkner, Harrison

doi:10.21037/jss-20-508

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Transection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a risk of surgeries involving neck or upper thorax pathology, such as thyroidectomies or cervical spine surgeries 1–3 . RLN injury causes ipsilateral vocal fold paralysis, resulting in dysphagia, respiratory distress, and dysphonia 1,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of Glial Cell‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors Within Nucleus Ambiguus During Rat Development

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveThe nucleus ambiguus (NAmb) is a column of neurons in the medulla oblongata, involved in bulbar functions. Expression of Glial Cell‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) and its receptors (GDNFR) is observed within the cell bodies during reinnervation following recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury. Little is known regarding GDNFR expression in the formation of the NAmb and the laryngeal innervation during embryogenesis. Understanding the timing and pattern of GDNFR expression in embryogenesis versus after RLN injury may provide insights into therapeutic targets for regeneration after RLN injury.Study DesignLaboratory experiment.MethodsRat brainstems at E14.5/E16.5/E18.5/E20.5/adult were stained for GDNFR: GFRα‐1/GFRα‐2/GFRα‐3/Ret. Islet1 and choline acetyltransferase were used as cell body markers. Sections were observed using fluorescent microscopy and quantified through manual cell counting.ResultsExpression of GFRα‐1, GFRα‐3, and Ret was identified within the NAmb, hypoglossal, and facial nuclei of the adult medulla. During development, GFRα‐1 immunoreactivity was seen at E20.5. GFRα‐2 expression was not observed at any timepoint. GFRα‐3 expression began at E16.5. Ret expression within nerve fibers in the NAmb were observed beginning at E14.5, but never in the cell bodies.ConclusionEmbryonic GDNFR expression in the NAmb differs from that of the adult after RLN injury. The developing brainstem experienced upregulation at discrete timepoints with signaling sustained through adulthood. In contrast, adult RLN‐transected rats experienced patterns of up and down regulation. GFRα‐1 may contribute to muscle targeting and neuromuscular junction maturation, GFRα‐3 may contribute to both, as well as axon guidance. It is likely that GDNF is functioning via a Ret‐independent pathway.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:2240–2247, 2023

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, synkinetic vocal fold movement persists due to aberrant reinnervation of the larynx, and normal motion is never restored 4 . Patients live with permanent dysphonia, among other clinical sequelae of laryngeal synkinesis 1,3,4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Glial Cell‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors Within Nucleus Ambiguus During Rat Development

et al. 2022

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“…Transection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a risk of surgeries involving neck or upper thorax pathology, such as thyroidectomies or cervical spine surgeries. 1–3 RLN injury causes ipsilateral vocal fold paralysis resulting in dysphagia, respiratory distress and dysphonia. 1,4 Nerve injury leads to Wallerian degeneration of the distal segment of the RLN and regenerated axonal outgrowth from the proximal end of the RLN towards the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILM) of the larynx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1–3 RLN injury causes ipsilateral vocal fold paralysis resulting in dysphagia, respiratory distress and dysphonia. 1,4 Nerve injury leads to Wallerian degeneration of the distal segment of the RLN and regenerated axonal outgrowth from the proximal end of the RLN towards the intrinsic laryngeal muscles (ILM) of the larynx. However, motor reinnervation of the larynx is non-selective.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of GDNF Receptors Within Nucleus Ambiguus During Rat Development

Blount

Hernández-Morato

Moayedi

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Objective: Upregulation of GDNF and its receptors is observed during laryngeal reinnervation after nerve injury. In contrast, little is known regarding the expression of GDNF receptors in the formation of the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and its innervation of the larynx during embryogenesis. Differences may suggest therapeutic targets after nerve injury. Study Design: Laboratory experiment. Methods: Rat brainstems at E14, E16, E18, E20, adult (4 animals/timepoint) were sectioned and stained for GDNF receptors: GFRα-1, GFRα-2, GFRα-3, and Ret. Islet1 and ChAT were used as markers for motoneuron cell bodies. Sections were observed using Zeiss Axio Imager M2 Microscope and quantified using Image J. Results: Expression of all four GDNF receptors was identified within the nucleus ambiguus, as well as hypoglossal and facial nuclei of the adult rat brainstem. During rat development, GFRα-3 and Ret exhibited upregulation within the nucleus ambiguus at E14 whereas GFRα-1 began showing upregulation at E20. GFRα-2 exhibited no upregulation at embryonic timepoints. Conclusion: Upregulation of the GDNF receptors within the nucleus ambiguus occur after laryngeal muscles innervation during development and may associated with maturation and maintenance of the neuromuscular synapses of the larynx before and after birth. No differences among ambiguus, hypoglossal, and facial nuclei was observed.

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Netrin-1 as A neural guidance protein in development and reinnervation of the larynx

Hernandez-Morato,

Koss,

Honzel

et al. 2024

Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger

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Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury following single- and multiple-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a meta-analysis

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Expression of Glial Cell‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors Within Nucleus Ambiguus During Rat Development

Expression of Glial Cell‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors Within Nucleus Ambiguus During Rat Development

Expression of GDNF Receptors Within Nucleus Ambiguus During Rat Development

Netrin-1 as A neural guidance protein in development and reinnervation of the larynx

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