Recurrent Campylobacter Bacteremia as the First Manifestation of Hypogammaglobulinemia: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

A 30-year-old woman with a past medical history of autoimmune hemolytic anemia presented with fever. Blood cultures grew Campylobacter. Her medical history was significant for four prior episodes of Campylobacter gastroenteritis and bacteremia. She received ciprofloxacin for the index presentation, then Meropenem de-escalated to doxycycline 6 months later following recurrence of Campylobacter. This prompted investigation for an immunodeficiency disorder. She was found to have hypogammaglobulinemia. Her Campylobacter infections resolved following the administration of intravenous immunoglobulins every 3 weeks. She did not have recurrence of Campylobacter during 5 years of follow-up. A literature search revealed additional four case reports of six hypogammaglobulinemic adult individuals presenting with recurrent Campylobacter infections. Three patients were already on intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) when Campylobacter infection occurred, and two patients achieved clinical cure following therapy with imipenem and IVIG. This case report highlights the importance of suspecting hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with recurrent Campylobacter infections, as this is sometimes the first manifestation of the condition.

An unusual case of infective spondylodiscitis caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus: molecular characterization by whole-genome sequencing

“…The common underlying conditions in the affected patients included HIV infection, malignancy, liver disease, solid organ transplantation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart disease and hypogammaglobulinaemia [5]. Studies have also shown that patients having recurrent Campylobacter infections indicates their immunodeficient status and this highlights the importance of suspecting hypogammaglobulinaemia [5, 11, 12].…”

The First Case of Leucopenia Campylobacter Jejuni Infection in Hepatitis B Cirrhosis with Bacteremia and Peritonitis in Asia

“…Besides, uoroquinolones and macrolides are considered as rst-line agents for the treatment of Campylobacter infections. Nevertheless, high resistance to the above antibacterials were also found in many cases, and might vary in different regions [15]. In addition, clinicians should also take note of the situation that the patients who repeatedly infected with Campylobacter were sensitive to one drug at the beginning, but later developed resistance.…”