Recurrent Hemorrhagic Transformation of Cardioembolic Stroke in an Elderly Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Proper therapy for secondary stroke prevention is crucial in the management of cardioembolic stroke. Although oral anticoagulants were the superior strategy for patients with atrial fibrillation and stroke per current evidence, many patients with cardioembolic stroke were prescribed with antiplatelet therapy due to concern for the risk of bleeding from anticoagulation therapy. We presented a case of an 84-years-old male patient who had sudden-onset left hemiparesis from cardioembolic stroke. Past medical history was significant for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, hypertension and uncontrolled diabetes. Severe white matter hyperintensity (WMH) was identified with the brain imaging. The local hospital initiated antiplatelet therapy with Aspirin 100 mg daily for secondary stroke prevention. Subsequently he was found to have recurrent asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformation involving each of the infarctions. The case report highlighted that severe WMH and possible cerebral amyloid angiopathy could be a risk factor of hemorrhagic transformation and antiplatelet therapy should be used prudently in such condition.