Recurrent Cutaneous Herpes Simplex in Hairless Mice

Abstract

The oxygen tension at the skin surface, when the atmospheric oxygen supply is excluded, may be measured polarographically. If the experimental subject is seated in a room at 25 °C and his arm is in a box at 33°C, spontaneous fluctuations in skin surface oxygen tension can be seen because of fluctuating blood flow in the superflcial skin vessels (Evans & Naylor, 1967). An array of cathodes in a single electrode has been used to measure the fluctuations in blood flow which are occurring simultaneously at seven different points in the skin. If a long recording of such fluctuations is made, spectral analysis of the fluctuations shows that most of the power is concentrated at the lower frequencies but reveals no clearly deflned preferred frequency. It is clear however from the fluctuation patterns that recurring bursts of activity do occur with quite well deflned periodicities in the range 30 s-5 min. There is a stronger correlation between the fluctuations occurring at points on the skin less than i mm apart than between points further apart, although there are clearly some components which are common to points separated by up to 5 mm. These results suggest that the fluctuations may be a result of a common central effect which can then be modifled or overridden by peripheral mechanisms controlling blood flow. REFERENCE EVANS, N.T.S. & NAYLOR, P.F.D. (1967) The systemic oxygen supply to the surface of human skin. Respiration Physiology, 3, 21.The three common types of skin cyst (epidermoid cyst, pilar cyst and steatocystoma multiplex) are

Infections and non‐neoplastic diseases of the oral mucosa

“…The control of latency, reactivation and virus release has been studied in a variety of animal models. In mice, activation of HSV has been demonstrated by cutting of the peripheral nerve (Walz et al 1974, Price & Schmitz 1978, by massive corticosteroid injection (Underwood & Weed 1974), and by treatment with cyclophosphamide and/or X-irradiation (Hough & Robinson 1975, Openshaw et al 1979a). Unfortunately, murine systems show a very low rate of reactivation and, moreover, are not typical of the human herpes syndrome since they lack spontaneous recurrences.…”

Ultraviolet Light Induces Reactivation in a Murine Model of Cutaneous Herpes Simplex Virus-1 Infection¶

“…Mice can be infected with HSV by inoculation of the skin, footpad, eye or vaginal mucosa (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). Mortality from systemic disease in these studies is usually reported to be about 30% (31,32,35) even when passive immunization precedes infection (33).…”

“…Mice can be infected with HSV by inoculation of the skin, footpad, eye or vaginal mucosa (25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36). Mortality from systemic disease in these studies is usually reported to be about 30% (31,32,35) even when passive immunization precedes infection (33). Reactivation has been elicited in other cutaneous and ocular models of HSV infection by a variety of stimuli, including mechanical trauma, chemical irritation, hyperthermia, prednisone administration and UV exposure (25,26,28,30,31,(33)(34)(35)(36).…”

“…Mortality from systemic disease in these studies is usually reported to be about 30% (31,32,35) even when passive immunization precedes infection (33). Reactivation has been elicited in other cutaneous and ocular models of HSV infection by a variety of stimuli, including mechanical trauma, chemical irritation, hyperthermia, prednisone administration and UV exposure (25,26,28,30,31,(33)(34)(35)(36). Reactivation rates using these models are variable ranging from 10-90%; in some of the models spontaneous reactivation of disease is a complicating factor (25,30,31,34,36).…”

Reactivation of Herpes virus hominis (HVH) infection in mice treated with cyclophosphamide and prednisolone sodium phosphate (Codelsol)

“…Reactivation. Groups of previously infected mice that had recovered and remained well have been challenged at least 8 weeks after primary infection with cyclophosphamide (CPA) and Codelsol using the The incidence of reactivation is about 60%, which is much higher than that obtained in the only other comparable study (Underwood & Weed, 1974).…”