Recurrent coliform mastitis in the dairy cow

Hill, AW; Shears, A.L.

doi:10.1136/vr.105.13.299

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…(2000) found a significant difference in bacterial numbers at 18 and 48 h postchallenge between enrofloxacin and nontreated cows in experimental E. coli mastitis. Our results are also in accordance with the findings of Hill and Shears (1979) and Katholm and Andersen (1998), who found a positive correlation between number of bacteria in milk and severity of mastitic signs. According to the former study (Hill & Shears, 1979), bacterial numbers exceeding one million per millilitre were sufficiently high to impair killing of bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Our results are also in accordance with the findings of Hill and Shears (1979) and Katholm and Andersen (1998), who found a positive correlation between number of bacteria in milk and severity of mastitic signs. According to the former study (Hill & Shears, 1979), bacterial numbers exceeding one million per millilitre were sufficiently high to impair killing of bacteria. In our study, mean bacterial numbers in both groups were between one million and 10 million at 12 h postchallenge.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and flunixin meglumine for treatment of cows with experimentally inducedEscherichia colimastitis

Rantala¹,

Kaartinen²,

Välimäki³

et al. 2002

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The efficacy of flunixin alone and together with enrofloxacin in treatment of experimental Escherichia coli mastitis was compared using six cows. The cross-over study design was used. Pharmacokinetics of flunixin and enrofloxacin were also studied in these diseased cows. The response of each cow was similar after the first and second challenge and the individual reaction seemed to explain the severity of clinical signs. The most important predictive factor for outcome of E. coli mastitis was a heavy drop in milk yield. Treatment with enrofloxacin and flunixin enhanced elimination of bacteria, but the difference from those receiving flunixin alone was not significant. Two cows, which had received no antimicrobial treatment (Group 1), were killed on day 4 postchallenge. One cow was killed after the first and the other after the second challenge. Cows receiving combination therapy produced 0.9 L more milk per day during the study period than cows which had only received flunixin (P < 0.05). Based on our findings, antimicrobial treatment might be beneficial in the treatment of high-yielding cows in early lactation. The absorption of enrofloxacin was delayed after subcutaneous administration, the mean apparent elimination half-life being about 23 h, whereas after i.v. administration elimination t(1/2) was only 1.5 h. The majority of the antimicrobial activity in milk originated from the active metabolite, ciprofloxacin, which could be measured throughout the 120-h follow-up period after the last subcutaneous administration. No differences were present in the pharmacokinetic parameters of flunixin between treatment groups: mean elimination half-life was 5.7-6.2 h, volume of distribution 0.43-0.49 L/kg and clearance 0.13-0.14 L h/kg. No flunixin or merely traces were detected in milk: one of the three cows had a concentration of 0.019 mg/L 8 h after administration.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and flunixin meglumine for treatment of cows with experimentally inducedEscherichia colimastitis

Rantala¹,

Kaartinen²,

Välimäki³

et al. 2002

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Persistent E . coli infections in the mammary gland causing recurrent episodes of mastitis have long been documented [ 8 ]. Persistent infections may represent about 4.8% of clinical cases of E .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and Phenomic Study of Mammary Pathogenic Escherichia coli

Blum

Heller²,

Sela

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Escherichia coli is a major etiological agent of intra-mammary infections (IMI) in cows, leading to acute mastitis and causing great economic losses in dairy production worldwide. Particular strains cause persistent IMI, leading to recurrent mastitis. Virulence factors of mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) involved pathogenesis of mastitis as well as those differentiating strains causing acute or persistent mastitis are largely unknown. This study aimed to identify virulence markers in MPEC through whole genome and phenome comparative analysis. MPEC strains causing acute (VL2874 and P4) or persistent (VL2732) mastitis were compared to an environmental strain (K71) and to the genomes of strains representing different E. coli pathotypes. Intra-mammary challenge in mice confirmed experimentally that the strains studied here have different pathogenic potential, and that the environmental strain K71 is non-pathogenic in the mammary gland. Analysis of whole genome sequences and predicted proteomes revealed high similarity among MPEC, whereas MPEC significantly differed from the non-mammary pathogenic strain K71, and from E. coli genomes from other pathotypes. Functional features identified in MPEC genomes and lacking in the non-mammary pathogenic strain were associated with synthesis of lipopolysaccharide and other membrane antigens, ferric-dicitrate iron acquisition and sugars metabolism. Features associated with cytotoxicity or intra-cellular survival were found specifically in the genomes of strains from severe and acute (VL2874) or persistent (VL2732) mastitis, respectively. MPEC genomes were relatively similar to strain K-12, which was subsequently shown here to be possibly pathogenic in the mammary gland. Phenome analysis showed that the persistent MPEC was the most versatile in terms of nutrients metabolized and acute MPEC the least. Among phenotypes unique to MPEC compared to the non-mammary pathogenic strain were uric acid and D-serine metabolism. This study reveals virulence factors and phenotypic characteristics of MPEC that may play a role in pathogenesis of E. coli mastitis.

show abstract

“…Previous studies have identified the ability of E. coli to persist in the bovine udder; however, this phenomenon has been considered to be relatively rare and of little clinical importance (14,18,23). We have recently demonstrated the ability of E. coli to gain access to the bovine mammary gland during the nonlactating period and then to persist, only recrudescing to cause clinical disease after the onset of lactation (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of Escherichia coli to the Bovine Mammary Gland

Bradley

Green²

2001

J Clin Microbiol

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clinical mastitis in six Somerset dairy herds was monitored over a 12-month period. Escherichia coli was implicated in 34.7% of all clinical cases. Forty-one percent of all clinical E. coli mastitis cases occurred in just 2.2% of the population. A total of 23.9% of clinical E. coli cases occurred in quarters suffering recurrent cases of E. coli mastitis. The genotypes of strains involved in recurrent cases of clinical E. coli mastitis were compared by DNA fingerprinting with enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus primers. In 85.7% of cases of recurrent quarter E. coli mastitis, the same genotype was implicated as the cause of disease, suggesting persistence of the organism within the mammary environment. The same genotype as that in the original case was also implicated in 8.5% of recurrent cases occurring in different quarters of the same cow, suggesting spread between quarters. These findings challenge our current understanding of the epidemiology of E. coli mastitis and suggest that pathogen adaptation and host susceptibility may be playing a part in the changing pattern of clinical mastitis experienced in the modern dairy herd.

show abstract

Recurrent coliform mastitis in the dairy cow

Cited by 21 publications

References 0 publications

Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and flunixin meglumine for treatment of cows with experimentally inducedEscherichia colimastitis

Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin and flunixin meglumine for treatment of cows with experimentally inducedEscherichia colimastitis

Genomic and Phenomic Study of Mammary Pathogenic Escherichia coli

Adaptation of Escherichia coli to the Bovine Mammary Gland

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About