Recurrence of thymoma: Analysis of clinicopathologic features, treatment, and outcome

Ruffini, Enrico; Mancuso, Maurizio; Oliaro, A; Casadio, Caterina; Cavallo, A; Cianci, R; Filosso, Pier Luigi; Molinatti, M; Porrello, Calogero; Cappello, N.; Maggi, G

doi:10.1016/s0022-5223(97)70399-4

Cited by 193 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Evaluating the literature, the recurrence of thymomas is reported up to 10-30% of the patients. And there are cases reported recurred more than 10 years after complete surgical resection (11,12). Thymoma can mimic malignant pleural mesothelioma by diffusely involving the pleura and encasing the entire lung (4-6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrence of thymoma after 11 years presenting as diffuse pleural thickening

Köksal¹,

Bayız²,

Gülgösteren³

et al. 2012

Tuberk Toraks

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrence of thymoma after 11 years presenting as diffuse pleural thickening

Köksal¹,

Bayız²,

Gülgösteren³

et al. 2012

Tuberk Toraks

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“…[12] As with previous observations, pleural (locoregional) metastases appear to be most common mode of recurrence in thymoma. [10,[12][13][14][15] Other extrathoracic sites in thymoma have been reported in the literature, including 3 patients who had brain and liver metastases. [1,16] The one thymoma patient with a lung metastasis originally presented with what is considered a low-grade histologic subtype (WHO A), serving as a cautionary tale that no patient with a thymic tumor is immune from the potential for distant spread.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of patterns of relapse in thymic carcinoma and thymoma

Huang¹,

Rizk²,

Travis³

et al. 2008

JCO

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Objective-Thymic carcinomas (TC) are considered to be more aggressive than thymomas and carry a worse prognosis. We reviewed our recent experience with the surgical management of thymic tumors and compared the outcomes and patterns of relapse between TC and thymoma.Methods-Single institution retrospective cohort study. Data included patient demographics, stage, treatment, pathologic findings, and postoperative outcomes.Results-During the period 1995-2006, 120 patients with thymic tumors underwent surgery, including 23 patients with TC and 97 patients with thymoma by the WHO 2004 histologic classification. The overall 5 year survival was significantly different between TC and thymoma (TC 53%, thymoma 89%, p=0.01). Data on relapse was available for 112 patients. The progression-free 5 year survival was also significantly different between TC and thymoma (TC 36%, thymoma 75%, p<0.01). By multivariate analysis, thymic carcinoma and incomplete resection were found to be independent predictors of progression-free survival. Relapses in TC tended to occur earlier, and occurred signficantly more frequently at distant sites than in thymoma (60% vs. 13%, p=0.01).Conclusions-Patterns of relapse differ significantly between TC and thymoma with lower progression-free survival, earlier onset and more distant relapses in TC. Given the greater propensity for distant failures, the inclusion of systemic therapy in the treatment of TC may take on greater importance. Despite significantly higher rates of distant relapse, good overall survival in TC can be achieved.

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“…In patients with stage III thymoma, recurrence rates ranged from 13% to 64% after radiation, and from 13% to 52% without radiation. These differences did not reach statistical significance, except in a paper by Ruffini and associates (45), who demonstrated a significant advantage to not receiving adjuvant radiation (p=0.02). We do not recommend adjuvant radiation therapy as a means to prevent recurrence, including local, pleural dissemination and distant metastasis, for patients with completely resected stage II and III thymoma.…”

Section: ) Radiotherapy A) Postoperative Radiotherapymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Monden and associates reported that 8% and 24% of patients with postoperative radiotherapy and 29% and 40% of patients without postoperative radiotherapy relapsed in stage II and III thymoma, respectively (40). Another nine papers (12,(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49) were unable to demonstrate an advantage over radiation therapy in terms of recurrence including local, pleural dissemination and distant metastasis. In patients with stage II thymoma, recurrence rates ranged from 0% to 31% after radiation, and from 0% to 29% without radiation.…”

Section: ) Radiotherapy A) Postoperative Radiotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal therapy for thymoma

Kondo

2008

J. Med. Invest.

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: Thymoma is the most common tumor of the anterior mediastinum. This tumor is associated with unique paraneoplastic syndromes (myasthenia gravis, pure red cell aplasia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and other autoimmune diseases). The rarity of this tumor has somewhat obscured the optimal treatment. Although the histologic classification of thymoma has remained a subject of controversy for many years, the WHO classification system, published in 1999, appeared to be an advance in our understanding of thymoma. The optimal treatment for thymoma depends on its clinical stage. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for thymic epithelial tumors. Thymomas also have a high response rate to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Only surgical resection is performed for patients with stage I (non-invasive) thymoma. The value of postoperative radiotherapy in completely resected stage II or III tumors is questionable. Multimodality therapy involving surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy appears to increase the rate of complete resection and survival in advanced (stage III and IV) thymomas. J. Med. Invest. 55 : 17-28,

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Recurrence of thymoma: Analysis of clinicopathologic features, treatment, and outcome

Cited by 193 publications

References 15 publications

Recurrence of thymoma after 11 years presenting as diffuse pleural thickening

Recurrence of thymoma after 11 years presenting as diffuse pleural thickening

Comparison of patterns of relapse in thymic carcinoma and thymoma

Optimal therapy for thymoma

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