Recurrence of Cryoglobulinemia Secondary to Hepatitis C in a Patient with HCV RNA (−) Negative in the Serum

Sikorska-Wiśniewska, Małgorzata; Sikorska, Katarzyna; Wróblewska, Anna; Liberek, Tomasz; Perkowska‐Ptasińska, Agnieszka; Dębska‐Ślizień, Alicja

doi:10.1159/000515587

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…It is a product that has a very desirable composition for this category of products, because it contains only 6 ingredients (except meat), and these ingredients are water and spices. The only drawback that couldbe indicated is the presence of glucose, which is not necessary for the production of meat products, but it is a source of simple sugars, and therefore may contribute to the formation of obesity 9 .…”

Section: Preservative (Sodium Nitrite)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Declared Composition of Sausages Available on the Polish Market

JARNOT¹,

MESINGER²

2023

AAMC

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Due to the increasing pace of people's lives, the demand for convenient food is increasing. An example of such food are sausages. Sausages are a meat product, so in their composition the vast majority should be high-quality meat. Another characteristic of sausages is their homogenization and soft texture. In addition, it is a product that has been designed with the desired sensory qualities both hot and cold. For these reasons, among others, sausages are a frequent choice of consumers in the meat products segment. Unfortunately, not all of these products are considered wholesome meat products. This, however, shows that these are not always products that should be consumed in the daily diet, e.g. by children and sensitive consumers. The aim of this article was to analyze the composition of sausages of various brands (both discounters' own brands and those enjoying great popularity) and to classify them in terms of quality.

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Section: Preservative (Sodium Nitrite)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Declared Composition of Sausages Available on the Polish Market

JARNOT¹,

MESINGER²

2023

AAMC

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“…The lag in immunologic and/or clinical response behind the viral clearance may be due to delay in the clearance of cryoglobulins from the circulation after successful antiviral therapy or to the persistence of the RF-producing memory B-cell clones for at least 24 wk[ 90 ]. Occult HCV infection is another possible explanation especially in case of cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis[ 91 ]. Abdelhamid et al [ 92 ] suggested that some forms of alteration in the immune system can be responsible for the persistent HCV-related immune disease after viral clearance.…”

Section: Extrahepatic Manifestations Of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Inf...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In MPGN associated with MCV, the developed immune complex deposits in the mesangium, capillaries, and urinary space of glomeruli, which can be manifested as nephrotic and nephritic syndromes[ 91 , 103 , 104 ]. Furthermore, HCV can cause kidney damage through direct cytopathic effect by viral invasion of the renal parenchyma (mesangial, endothelial, and tubular cells of the kidney) and through nephrotoxicity of drugs used for its treatment.…”

Section: Extrahepatic Manifestations Of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Inf...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of direct-acting antiviral regimens on hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection

Salama¹,

Raslan²,

Abdel‐Latif³

et al. 2022

WJH

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a common cause of liver disease and is associated with various extrahepatic manifestations (EHMs). This mini-review outlines the currently available treatments for HCV infection and their prognostic effect on hepatic manifestations and EHMs. Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens are considered pan-genotypic as they achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) > 85% after 12 wk through all the major HCV genotypes, with high percentages of SVR even in advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. The risk factors for DAA failure include old males, cirrhosis, and the presence of resistance-associated substitutions (RAS) in the region targeted by the received DAAs. The effectiveness of DAA regimens is reduced in HCV genotype 3 with baseline RAS like A30K, Y93H, and P53del. Moreover, the European Association for the Study of the Liver recommended the identification of baseline RAS for HCV genotype 1a. The higher rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after DAA therapy may be related to the fact that DAA regimens are offered to patients with advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, where interferon was contraindicated to those patients. The change in the growth of pre-existing subclinical, undetectable HCC upon DAA treatment might be also a cause. Furthermore, after DAA therapy, the T cell-dependent immune response is much weaker upon HCV clearance, and the down-regulation of TNF-α or the elevated neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio might increase the risk of HCC. DAAs can result in reactivation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in HCV co-infected patients. DAAs are effective in treating HCV-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia, with clinical and immunological responses, and have rapid and high effectiveness in thrombocytopenia. DAAs improve insulin resistance in 90% of patients, increase glomerular filtration rate, and decrease proteinuria, hematuria and articular manifestations. HCV clearance by DAAs allows a significant improvement in atherosclerosis and metabolic and immunological conditions, with a reduction of major cardiovascular events. They also improve physical function, fatigue, cognitive impairment, and quality of life. Early therapeutic approach with DAAs is recommended as it cure many of the EHMs that are still in a reversible stage and can prevent others that can develop due to delayed treatment.

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“…It was also shown that viral antigen NS3 and HCV particles are present in kidney tissue of seropositive and seronegative patients with glomerulonephritis, being likely the cause of renal injury [69][70][71]. Likewise, occult HCV infection may be a hidden cause of many cases of mixed cryoglobulinemia in patients with no evidence of past or present HCV infection [72,73]. Replicative HCV-RNA strand was found in PBMC of five out of nine patients with mixed cryoglobulinemia who reached SVR after antiviral therapy and remained HCV-RNA negative both in serum and liver tissue.…”

Section: Clinical Consequences Of Ocimentioning

confidence: 99%

Occult Infection with Hepatitis C Virus: Looking for Clear-Cut Boundaries and Methodological Consensus

Wróblewska

Bielawski

Sikorska

2021

JCM

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The sustained virologic response and elimination of HCV is widely viewed as a true cure of chronic hepatitis C as it associates with amelioration of histological liver damage and improved clinical outcomes. Therefore, the existence and clinical burden of occult HCV infection (OCI) has been a controversial issue for many years. In this review, we summarize recently published data that adds new information on the molecular and clinical background of OCI and its epidemiological significance. We also identify and discuss the most important methodological pitfalls, which can be a source of inconsistency between studies. Data that have accumulated so far, strongly support the existence of extrahepatic HCV replication in individuals negative for serum HCV-RNA by conventional clinical tests. OCI emerges as a condition where the immune system is unable to fully resolve infection but it is continuously stimulated by low levels of HCV antigens, leading to progression of liver pathology and extrahepatic HCV-related complications. Moreover, the development of monitoring strategies or management guidelines for OCI is still hampered by the lack of clear definition and the confusion regarding its clinical significance. Careful study design and the introduction of uniform protocols for the detection of low-level HCV-RNA are crucial for obtaining reliable data on OCI.

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Recurrence of Cryoglobulinemia Secondary to Hepatitis C in a Patient with HCV RNA (−) Negative in the Serum

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Analysis of the Declared Composition of Sausages Available on the Polish Market

Analysis of the Declared Composition of Sausages Available on the Polish Market

Impact of direct-acting antiviral regimens on hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis C virus infection

Occult Infection with Hepatitis C Virus: Looking for Clear-Cut Boundaries and Methodological Consensus

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