Objectives: Rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) can result from bleeding into the
rectus abdominis muscle or a direct muscular tear; nontraumatic spontaneous RSH is a rare
condition. Here, we report a case of spontaneous RSH associated with warfarin
administration for the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
(CTEPH).Patient: An 87-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of
abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting for 3 days. She was receiving warfarin for treating
CTEPH. She had a bulging and hard lower abdomen with ecchymosis. Moreover, the bulging
portion was highly tender, and a positive Carnett’s sign was also observed. She reported
no history of abdominal trauma. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed right
RSH.Results: She was diagnosed with spontaneous RSH and admitted to our
hospital. Warfarin was antagonized with an intravenous injection of vitamin K; hemostatic
agents were intravenously administered. Gradually, her abdominal pain improved. She was
finally discharged 12 days after the admission. Abdominal CT scan performed 17 days after
the discharge revealed a reduction in the size of RSH.Conclusion: Despite not having a history of trauma, it is necessary to
consider the possibility of RSH for patients receiving warfarin and complaining of
abdominal pain.