Rectilinear leads and internal motions in the ice pack of the western Arctic Ocean

Marko, J.R.; Thomson, Richard E.

doi:10.1029/jc082i006p00979

Cited by 95 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The slip line orientation, however, does not show a regular diamond pattern as suggested by Marco and Thomson [1977] for late summer. Our winter data show aggregates are narrow (<100 km) and long (>500 km).…”

Section: Discussion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 87%

Arctic sea ice as a granular plastic

Overland¹,

McNutt²,

Salo³

et al. 1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. An important consideration in understanding sea ice mechanics is the integration of observed sea ice behavior on a floe neighborhood scale (1-10 km) into ice dynamics on a regional scale 0(50 km). We investigate sea ice kinematics from October 1993 through April 1994 using relative motions from 13 drifting buoys with Global Positioning System navigation in a 20-km array centered on the Sea Ice Mechanics Initiative ice camp, and we compare these motions to synthetic aperture radar (SAR)-derived ice velocities over a 100-by 500-km region in the Beaufort Sea. There is excellent correspondence between the deformation of the buoy array and that from the SAR. Inferred ice dynamics from analysis of the two major northerly wind convergence events of the winter are consistent with a granular hardening plastic conceptual model for Beaufort sea ice. Under continued northerly winds the ice from the Alaskan shore to the camp failed in shear and convergence, in a progressive manner away from the coast. The continuum scale O(10 km) is an order of magnitude larger than the grain, i.e., floe, size O(1 km). The ice motion often forms aggregates of 20-200 km separated by narrow (<10 km) shear zones, similar to granular materials. At moderate forcing, i.e., wind stress multiplied by fetch, the ice appears to fail along slip lines that occur at an acute angle to each other and to the direction of the wind forcing, characteristic of a plastic material at critical state. With longer fetch the ice appears to fail in compression, perpendicular to the wind direction. Sea ice appeared to harden on a regional scale after the first event. During the second northerly wind event there was a sea ice breakout toward the west, apparently due to a lack of lateral confining stress. Our observations suggest that the ice floes advect through relatively stationary stress fields, created by the wind forcing and coastal boundaries. For example, while the SAR and advanced very high resolution radiometer images indicated the presence of the shear feature at the same geographic location for nearly a week, buoys would show shearing only for several days as they transited across the region of shear. There is a high correspondence between the major internal ice deformation events and persistent weather patterns on a 3-to 5-day temporal scale. This implies that SAR data collection and analysis for regional sea ice dynamics should be consistent with the wind forcing and have a sampling of less than 3 days.

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Section: Discussion and Summarymentioning

confidence: 87%

Arctic sea ice as a granular plastic

Overland¹,

McNutt²,

Salo³

et al. 1998

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Examples of these are large-scale features, which often range from I to lOO km and appear in systematic patterns that are commonly referred to as parallelograms or diamond-shaped patterns (e.g. Marco and Thomson, 1977;Vinje and Finnekasa, 1986).…”

Section: Slip-line and Principal Directions At Boundariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Deformation Patterns in Sea Ice

Erlingsson

1988

J. Glaciol.

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ABSTRACT.The mechanical behaviour for the geometrical properties of two-dimensional deformation has been investigated . The Mohr formulation of failure, which is based on the concept of slip at the plane of weakness, is used in this study. It is shown that alteration of the shear stress T n at the plane of weakness requires self -similarity of features in deformation patterns. A general relationship between the angle of internal friction and the breaking angle of deformation patterns is derived. Using imagery data, this relationship is used to find the angle of internal friction from selected sea-ice deformation patterns. The value obtained for this angle is = IS 0 ± 2 0 for deformation on a scale from 100 m to 100 km.

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“…Examples include fracture of the Arctic sea ice cover [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], brittle compressive failure during interactions between natural ice features and engineered structures [13,14], and tectonic activity of ice-encrusted bodies within the outer solar system [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. For most of these systems, it is the friction of ice sliding upon itself that dominates the mechanics and heat generated at the interface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%

Atomistic simulations of friction at an ice-ice interface
Samadashvili
¹
,
Reischl
²
,
Hynninen
³

et al. 2013
Friction
18
2
11
0
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Even though the slipperiness of ice is important both technologically and environmentally and often experienced in everyday life, the nanoscale processes determining ice friction are still unclear. We study the friction of a smooth ice-ice interface using atomistic simulations, and especially consider the effects of temperature, load, and sliding velocity. At this scale, frictional behavior is seen to be determined by the lubricating effect of a liquid premelt layer between the sliding ice sheets. In general, increasing temperature or load leads to a thicker lubricating layer and lower friction, while increasing the sliding velocity increases friction due to viscous shear.

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Rectilinear leads and internal motions in the ice pack of the western Arctic Ocean

Cited by 95 publications

References 4 publications

Arctic sea ice as a granular plastic

Arctic sea ice as a granular plastic

Two-Dimensional Deformation Patterns in Sea Ice

Atomistic simulations of friction at an ice-ice interface

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