Rectification of Tilted Transmission Tower Using Micropile Underpinning Method

Strengthening AL-Kadhimin Tilted Minaret by Using a System of Micro-piles

“…In the present study, the soil consists of several layers, the first is soft clay and mud clay extending from the surface to a depth of about 10 m, and the last two layers are from a depth of 10 to 15 which are silty and sandy clay soils. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) for lateral displacements obtained from simulation by PLAXIS 3D model and that borrowed from literature where found in agreement as shown in Figure 18 [2]. The value of the R 2 was found to be 0.96.…”

“…However, many others are constructed from wood. Minarets are vertical landmarks that are considered as a medium between earth and heaven, man and Minarets are one of the specific and important structural elements which are indispensable elements of the Islamic city skyline [1,2]. The height of most minarets in Turkey ranges from 20-38 m [3].…”

Required jacking force for deviation rectification of inclined structures supported with rigid piles

“…Inclined structures or buildings are prone to instability problems, which have brought great challenges for civil engineers and researchers. The most straightforward and safest way is to demolish those inclined structures and rebuild them, but sometimes it may be inappropriate for historical and cultural architecture such as the Leaning Tower of Pisa (Burland, 2002;Wen et al, 2020;Zhou et al, 2020). Moreover, it is also unrealistic to rebuild all the inclination structures, especially those induced by human activities like neighboring excavation or filling (Shi et al, 2013;Peng et al, 2021).…”

“…The inclination of structures is mainly caused by the differential settlement of nearby soil, which may be related to groundwater movement, soft soil, improper design, or human activities (Zhang et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2018;Soomro et al, 2020;Wen et al, 2020). For deviation rectification, foundations in the less deformed areas can be lowered by soil excavation (Ovando-Shelley and Santoyo, 2001;Burland, 2002;Liu, 2006), water treatment (Li, 2015), or applying additional pressure (Yang, 2020).…”

“…For deviation rectification, foundations in the less deformed areas can be lowered by soil excavation (Ovando-Shelley and Santoyo, 2001;Burland, 2002;Liu, 2006), water treatment (Li, 2015), or applying additional pressure (Yang, 2020). While foundations in the areas with a larger displacement can be uplifted by foundation underpinning (Wen et al, 2020), compaction grouting (Wang et al, 2011;Peng et al, 2021), jacking methods (Zhang et al, 2018), etc. For inclined structures like transmission towers or light poles supported with single rigid piles, a horizontal force can also be applied by anchor pulling or jack pushing in opposition to the inclined direction for deviation rectification (Peng, 2017).…”