Rectangular Loop mm-Wave Antenna for Wearable Applications

Saeed, Muhammad Asfar; Ahmad, Umaima; Ullah, M.Farhan; Siddique,; Ali, Usman; Qammar, M.Salman

doi:10.1109/icecce52056.2021.9514220

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Beamforming is typically used to create a specific beam pattern, such as a directional beam or a beam with specific characteristics like high gain or nulls. Beam steering, on the other hand, allows for real-time adjustments of the beam direction to track users, and targets, or adapt to changing channel conditions (Saeed et al, 2021). Beamforming and beam steering are often used together in practical antenna systems.…”

Section: Frontiers In Mechanical Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of beamforming microstrip patch antenna array for future 5G/6G networks

Saeed,

Nwajana

2024

Front. Mech. Eng.

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With the increase in demand for high data rates and high bandwidth because of multiple users all over the globe, the technology has moved toward the next-generation of wireless communication. This rapid advancement of wireless communication technologies has led to the emergence of 5G networks, which promise significantly higher data rates, lower latency, and enhanced connectivity. Researchers believe that five essential techniques can enable 5G. Beamforming is one of those essentials, as it plays a vital role in achieving reliable and high-capacity communication. This review article portrays a comprehensive analysis of the 5G beamformer Microstrip Patch Antenna array techniques for communication systems. The paper comprises of a deep overview of the fundamental concepts and principles of beamforming, including analog, hybrid, and digital beamforming techniques. It explores the advantages and disadvantages of each approach and discusses their suitability for 5G applications. An in-depth examination of various beamforming techniques employed in 5G, encompassing traditional beamforming, massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output beamforming, hybrid beamforming, and adaptive beamforming. The discussion encompasses the strengths, weaknesses, and performance trade-offs of each technique, along with their applicability in diverse deployment scenarios and applications. The review of multiple couplers that are used for the feeding of the antenna is discussed with included hybrid coupler, Wilkinson power divider, branch line coupler, and butler matrix in beamformer smart antenna for 5G/6G communications. Numerous beamforming techniques are compared based on their merits, demerits, and applications. Moreover, the dielectric substrate utilized to design the beamformer was also reviewed. The findings presented in this paper serve as a valuable resource for the researcher, scholars, and engineers working in the field of 5G wireless communications and antenna designing, facilitating the development and deployment of efficient and robust beamforming solutions for future 5G networks.

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Section: Frontiers In Mechanical Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of beamforming microstrip patch antenna array for future 5G/6G networks

Saeed,

Nwajana

2024

Front. Mech. Eng.

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“…The dimensions of the patch elements and the spacing between them are influenced by the operating frequency, which is related to the wavelength in the substrate. Higher permittivity leads to a shorter wavelength, which, in turn, reduces the physical dimensions of the antenna elements and spacing in the array [9]. The microstrip feed line is designed to have a small width and thickness, resulting in a low-profile structure.…”

Section: Antenna Design and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-Terahertz Microstrip Antenna Array for Future Communication

Saeed,

Nwajana

2023

2023 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET)

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In this article, a microstrip patch antenna array has been designed for sub-terahertz application. The designed antenna array consists of four rectangular-shaped radiating patches which are fed using the microstrip line feeding technique. The dielectric material utilized as a substrate is Roger RO3010 which has an epsilon value of 11.2, responsible for compact antenna size, it also exhibits minimal energy absorption and dissipation. The designed antenna has achieved acceptable simulated results of important parameters which include radiation pattern, Gain, and return loss, Bandwidth, current distribution, and impedance matching of the antenna. The designed antenna array offers increased bandwidth, enabling higher data rates and ultra-low latency. The proposed Sub-terahertz antenna array can support the deployment of high-speed, low-latency wireless networks for applications such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), autonomous vehicles, and smart cities.

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“…Microwave imaging using a microstrip patch antenna is feasible for a patient of all ages because of its easy scanning and less harmful effects, the human body is exposed to the EM radiations with the assistance of a microstrip patch antenna, reflection caused by the inhomogeneous nature of normal and cancerous cells which is received and mapped to get the electrical and magnetic property distribution and geometrical constraints of shape, size, and location of scanned body parts [8]. Previous studies show different antennas have been designed and presented [9][10][11][12][13]. These antennas offer complex geometry which is difficult to design in bulks and the size of the device preferred is to be compact as these antennas are for medical applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coaxial Feed Ultra-Wideband Microstrip Antenna for Medical Applications

Saeed

Ahmad

Nwajana

et al. 2022

2022 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET)

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In this article, an ultra-wideband antenna has been presented for medical applications which have a resonant frequency of 10.35GHz and offers a bandwidth of 1400MHz with a return loss of -19db. The presented antenna is low-cost lightweight and can easily be integrated inside the circuit. As this antenna is designed for medical applications its size is compact and is fed utilizing a coaxial feeding technique which is especially plentiful for operative radiotherapy applications. The designed antenna is rectangular and covers an overall size of 24x12mm with a thickness of 1mm. The proposed antenna is designed using CST studio as a simulation tool, the extracted results of important parameters like return loss, surface current, reference impedance, and far-field have achieved remarkable results which are illustrated in the article. which makes it suitable for radiotherapy. A high epsilon valued ε r = 4.8, tan δ = 0.02 substrate GT-008 has been employed as a dielectric material whereas copper is being used for the ground and radiating patches. The performance of the antenna in the X-band is satisfactory which makes it suitable for radiotherapy.

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Rectangular Loop mm-Wave Antenna for Wearable Applications

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

A review of beamforming microstrip patch antenna array for future 5G/6G networks

A review of beamforming microstrip patch antenna array for future 5G/6G networks

Sub-Terahertz Microstrip Antenna Array for Future Communication

Coaxial Feed Ultra-Wideband Microstrip Antenna for Medical Applications

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