Rectal temperatures before and after parturition in bottlenose dolphins

Terasawa, Fumio; Yokoyama, Yoshihiro; Kitamura, Masakazu

doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2361(1999)18:2<153::aid-zoo7>3.0.co;2-f

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The body temperature of marine mammals is comparable to that of terrestrial mammals [ 199 , 200 , 201 , 202 , 203 ], thus, it does not require special adaptations. However, gas physiology and rapid change in hydrostatic pressure during diving might be a challenge for the bacteria.…”

Section: Adaptation Of Streptococci To Marine Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcal Infections in Marine Mammals

et al. 2021

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Marine mammals are sentinels for the marine ecosystem and threatened by numerous factors including infectious diseases. One of the most frequently isolated bacteria are beta-hemolytic streptococci. However, knowledge on ecology and epidemiology of streptococcal species in marine mammals is very limited. This review summarizes published reports on streptococcal species, which have been detected in marine mammals. Furthermore, we discuss streptococcal transmission between and adaptation to their marine mammalian hosts. We conclude that streptococci colonize and/or infect marine mammals very frequently, but in many cases, streptococci isolated from marine mammals have not been further identified. How these bacteria disseminate and adapt to their specific niches can only be speculated due to the lack of respective research. Considering the relevance of pathogenic streptococci for marine mammals as part of the marine ecosystem, it seems that they have been neglected and should receive scientific interest in the future.

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Section: Adaptation Of Streptococci To Marine Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcal Infections in Marine Mammals

et al. 2021

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“…A drop in body temperature of at least 1º C is known to announce the imminence of birth in many mammal species from cattle (Porterfield & Olson, 1957) to dogs (Tsutsui & Murata, 1982) and marine mammals (Katsumata et al, 1998;Terasawa et al, 1999). This drop is associated with a decreased level of circulating progesterone (Katsumata et al, 1998;Concannon, 2000) and an acute rise of prolactin (Verstegen-Onclin & Verstegen, 2008).…”

Section: Prepartum Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This drop is associated with a decreased level of circulating progesterone (Katsumata et al, 1998;Concannon, 2000) and an acute rise of prolactin (Verstegen-Onclin & Verstegen, 2008). However the delay between temperature drop and delivery can vary according to species (Katsumata et al, 2006;Blanchet et al, 2008); it can go from 5 d prior to parturition in killer whales (Katsumata et al, 2006) to 12 to 24 h in bottlenose dolphins (Terasawa et al, 1999). In our observations, F's temperature began to decrease at B-3 and reached its minimum at B-1, which is consistent with observations conducted during the previous gestation for the same animal (Blanchet et al, 2008).…”

Section: Prepartum Signsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Observation of the Parturition and Peripartum Events in a Harbor Porpoise (<I>Phocoena phocoena</I>)

Blanchet¹,

Ishigami²,

Wahlberg³

2009

aquatic mammals

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Parturition events in cetaceans are difficult to observe in nature and scarcely described in detail. Observations from animals in captivity offer the possibility to follow complete gestations and to obtain a precise description of the series of events pertaining to pregnancy and parturition. After a gestation period of 11 mo, the parturition of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) was observed for the first time at the Danish research facility Fjord & Boelt on 8 August 2007. Five prepartum signs useful to predict the onset of parturition were identified: (1) decrease in appetite (from 5,064 Kcal/d to 907 Kcal/d at 2 d before birth [B-2]), (2) unusual behavior (disinterest in training sessions, seeking of physical contact with the trainers, restlessness), (3) decrease in body temperature of 1.6º C at B-1, (4) swollenness in the genital area, and (5) increase in the inter-mammary distance (from 5 to 8 cm at B-1).During labor, three stages described for other mammals in literature were observed and each stage's duration recorded: Stage 1 was characterized by uterine contractions and dilation of the cervix (between 2 h 19 min and 7 h 39 min), Stage 2 started with the rupture of fetal membranes (1 h 42 min at least), and Stage 3 comprised the expulsion of the fetus and its membranes (7 h). The total duration of the parturition was at least 16 h 21 min as there is an uncertainty in regards to the exact beginning of the labor.The sequence of visible events occurring during parturition was as follows: apparition of the amniotic sac, apparition of the calf's flukes, apparition of the peduncle, delivery of the calf, and expulsion of the left horn of the placenta followed by the right horn. As described for other cetaceans, the delivery was caudal.Contractions seemed to be longer and more frequent during the first stage and during the beginning of the second stage of labor. The contractions then shortened and became more regular during the expulsion of the calf. We observed that the expulsion of the calf was not provoked only by contractions but helped at the end by a violent rotational movement of the mother that broke the umbilical cord. The female's breathing rate increased dramatically towards the end of the expulsion of the calf.

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“…However, information about the relationship between body temperature and reproductive stages, such as the estrous cycle and pregnancy, is very limited in cetaceans. There are a few reports about changes in body temperature in parturition in bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncates ) [Terasawa et al, 1999], in pregnancy and parturition in killer whales [Katsumata et al, 2006a], and with the estrous cycle in belugas ( Delphinapterus leucas ) [Katsumata et al, 2006b]. However, a relationship between body temperature and the circulating progesterone concentration with the estrous cycle has not been reported in killer whales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ovarian cycle approach by rectal temperature and fecal progesterone in a female killer whale, Orcinus orca

Kusuda

Kakizoe²,

Kanda³

et al. 2011

Zoo Biology

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This study aimed to validate the measurements of body temperature and fecal progesterone concentrations as minimally invasive techniques for assessing ovarian cycle in a single sexually mature female killer whale. Rectal temperature data, fecal and blood samples were collected in the dorsal position using routine husbandry training on a voluntary basis. The correlations between rectal temperature and plasma progesterone concentration and between fecal and plasma progesterone concentrations were investigated. Fecal progesterone metabolites were identified by a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography and enzyme immunoassay. Plasma progesterone concentrations (range: 0.2-18.6 ng/ml) and rectal temperature (range: 35.3-35.9°C) changed cyclically, and cycle lengths were an average (±SD) of 44.9±4.0 days (nine cycles) and 44.6±5.9 days (nine cycles), respectively. Rectal temperature positively correlated with the plasma progesterone concentrations (r=0.641, P<0.01). There was a visual trend for fecal progesterone profiles to be similar to circulating plasma progesterone profiles. Fecal immunoreactive progestagen analysis resulted in a marked immunoreactive peak of progesterone. The data from the single killer whale indicate that the measurement of rectal temperature is suitable for minimally invasive assessment of the estrous cycle and monitoring the fecal progesterone concentration is useful to assess ovarian luteal activity.

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Rectal temperatures before and after parturition in bottlenose dolphins

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Streptococcal Infections in Marine Mammals

Streptococcal Infections in Marine Mammals

First Observation of the Parturition and Peripartum Events in a Harbor Porpoise (<I>Phocoena phocoena</I>)

Ovarian cycle approach by rectal temperature and fecal progesterone in a female killer whale, Orcinus orca

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