Recruitment patterns of Alaskan crabs in relation to decadal shifts in climate and physical oceanography

Zheng, Jie; Kruse, Gordon H.

doi:10.1006/jmsc.1999.0521

Cited by 70 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Such attacks may increase with climate trends that enhance the local density of predators such as Chionoecetes spp. (Zheng & Kruse 2000, Rosenkranz et al 2001. Regardless of cause, this shell damage reduces the disadvantage to eiders of the otherwise higher crushing resistance of N. radiata.…”

Section: Composition and Crushing Resistance Of Clamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Climate shifts may also have affected other clam predators in the Bering Sea, including walruses, seals, fish, crabs, and snails (Wyllie-Echeverria & Wooster 1998, Zheng & Kruse 2000, Conners et al 2002. For these other benthic feeders, an approach such as ours might be useful in evaluating effects of long-term changes in numbers, species, and size structure of prey (Edwards & Huebner 1977, Franz 1977, Hanson et al 1989, Eggleston et al 1992, Nakaoka 1996.…”

Section: Impacts Of the Clam Species Shift On Eider Foragingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of clam species dominance on nutrient and energy acquisition by spectacled eiders in the Bering Sea

Richman¹,

Lovvorn²

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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The spectacled eider Somateria fischeri, a 'threatened' species, winters in pack ice of the Bering Sea. In dives of 40 to 70 m for benthic invertebrates, the high energy costs of foraging are offset by high benthic biomass. However, there is evidence that the dominant clam prey has changed from Macoma calcarea to Nuculana radiata, perhaps adversely affecting the foraging energetics of the eiders. We studied effects of differences in nutrient and energy content, crushing resistance of shells, digestibility, gut retention time, areal density, shell length, and depth in the sediments on the relative foraging value of M. calcarea versus N. radiata. To avoid using a 'threatened' species for experiments, we used common eiders Somateria mollissima for digestion studies and white-winged scoters Melanitta fusca (the same size as spectacled eiders) for foraging studies. For the prey size range comprising 93% of the eiders' diet (18 to 30 mm), M. calcarea including shells was lower in ash, and higher in nitrogen, lipid, and energy, than N. radiata. Digestibility was 76% for M. calcarea versus 67% for N. radiata, but gut retention time did not differ. In a tensometer, crushing resistance was much higher for N. radiata than M. calcarea for shells 18 to 24 mm long, but did not differ for 24 to 30 mm because shells of N. radiata were often severely abraded. For scoters foraging on freshly thawed Macoma balthica buried in sand in an aquarium 1.8 m deep, intake (no. s ) decreased by 31% when burial depth in the sediments was increased from 4 to 7 cm; most N. radiata are < 4 cm deep, and most M. balthica eaten by eiders are probably 7 to 10 cm deep. Considering energy content, digestibility, and intake rates at these burial depths for 1200 clams m -2 , energy assimilated was 14 to 19% higher for N. radiata than M. calcarea of the same length classes. However, larger M. calcarea yielded 58% higher intake of assimilable energy than smaller N. radiata. These patterns emphasize that relative foraging value depends strongly on size (age) structures of different prey populations, which vary with recruitment, growth, and mortality in different seasons and years. Our results show that impacts of long-term benthic change on eiders depend not only on shifts in total clam abundance, but also on species differences in digestibility, size structure, and size-dependent nutrient content and burial depth.

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Section: Composition and Crushing Resistance Of Clamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impacts Of the Clam Species Shift On Eider Foragingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of clam species dominance on nutrient and energy acquisition by spectacled eiders in the Bering Sea

Richman¹,

Lovvorn²

2003

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Tanner crab harvests peaked in 1978, and most fisheries collapsed in the mid-1990s (Orensanz et al 1998). The causes of these severe fishery declines are not fully understood, but they have been postulated to be due to disease, increased predation (Otto 1986), environmental change (Zheng & Kruse 2000), or the direct or indirect effects of fishing (Orensanz et al 1998, Dew & McConnaughey 2005.…”

Section: Red King Paralithodes Camtschaticus and Tannermentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial patterns and movements of red king and Tanner crabs: implications for the design of marine protected areas

Taggart¹,

Mondragon²,

Andrews³

et al. 2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Red king crab supported the most valuable crustacean fishery in Alaska until a sharp decline occurred in the late 1960s followed by large-scale collapse in the early 1980s (Orensanz et al 1998, Zheng & Kruse 2000. At present, many red king crab populations throughout Alaska remain depleted, even in areas without a commercial fishery (Woodby et al 2005, Hebert et al 2008.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, many red king crab populations throughout Alaska remain depleted, even in areas without a commercial fishery (Woodby et al 2005, Hebert et al 2008. Hypotheses for recovery failure attribute low spawning stock biomass to overharvest in the directed pot fishery (Orensanz et al 1998), female bycatch in trawl fisheries (Armstrong et al 1993, Dew & McConnaughey 2005, North Pacific ocean-atmospheric conditions (Tyler & Kruse 1996, Zheng & Kruse 2000, loss of early benthic stage habitat (Armstrong et al 1993), and predation by groundfish, such as Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus and flatfishes (e.g. Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis) (Tyler & Kruse 1996, Zheng & Kruse 2006, Bechtol & Kruse 2010.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat structure influences the survival and predator–prey interactions of early juvenile red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus

Pirtle

Eckert²,

Stoner³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Highly structured nursery habitats promote the survival of juvenile stages of many species by providing foraging opportunities and refuge from predators. Through integrated laboratory and field experiments, we demonstrate that nursery habitat structure affects survival and predator-prey interactions of red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus. Crabs (< 1 yr old [Age 0]; 8 to 10 mm carapace length [CL]) preferred complex biogenic habitats formed by structural invertebrates and macroalgae over structural mimics and sand in the absence of predators in laboratory experiments, yet they associated with any available structural habitat when fish predators were present. Survival was higher in the presence of complex habitat for Age 0 crabs (5 to 7.5 mm CL) with Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus predators in the laboratory and for Age 0 (4 to 8 mm CL) and Age 1 (16 to 28 mm CL) crabs with fish and invertebrate predators in the field. Crab activity and refuge response behavior varied with crab stage and habitat. Age 0 crabs were cryptic, avoiding predators by associating with habitat structure or remaining motionless in the absence of structure, and were less likely to respond to an attack. In contrast, Age 1 crabs were more likely to respond to an attacking predator and were less likely to remain motionless in the absence of structural refuge, suggesting an ontogenetic shift in behavior. Complex habitats, cryptic behavior, and direct defense improve juvenile red king crab survival against certain predators, including demersal fishes.

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Recruitment patterns of Alaskan crabs in relation to decadal shifts in climate and physical oceanography

Cited by 70 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of clam species dominance on nutrient and energy acquisition by spectacled eiders in the Bering Sea

Effects of clam species dominance on nutrient and energy acquisition by spectacled eiders in the Bering Sea

Spatial patterns and movements of red king and Tanner crabs: implications for the design of marine protected areas

Habitat structure influences the survival and predator–prey interactions of early juvenile red king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus

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