Recruitment in the Coronary Artery Disease Risk Development in Young Adults (Cardia) study

Hughes, Glenn H.; Cutter, Gary; Donahue, Richard P.; Friedman, Gary D.; Hulley, S.B.; Hunkeler, Enid M.; Jacobs, David R.; Liu, Kiang; Orden, Susan R.; Pirie, Phyllis L.; Tucker, Bill; Wagenknecht, Lynne

doi:10.1016/0197-2456(87)90008-0

Cited by 224 publications

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“…The sampling scheme ensured a cohort evenly balanced by race (black vs white), sex, age (18-24 vs 25-30) and educational attainment (high school or less vs more than high school). More details of study design, recruitment and procedures have been published before (Hughes et al, 1987;Friedman et al, 1988). The baseline examination (n ¼ 5115) was completed in 1985-86.…”

Section: Participants and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake of n-3, n-6 fatty acids and fish: Relationship with hostility in young adults—the CARDIA study

et al. 2003

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Background: Hostility has been shown to predict both the development and manifestation of coronary disease. Examining the inter-relation of dietary intake of fish and of polyunsaturated (n-3 and n-6) essential fatty acids with hostility may provide additional insights into the cardioprotective effect of dietary fish and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Objective: To examine the association of dietary n-3, n-6 fatty acids and fish with level of hostility in a sample of 3581 urban white and black young adults. Design: Cross-sectional observational study as part of an ongoing cohort study. A dietary assessment in 1992-1993 and measurement of hostility and other covariates in 1990-1991 were used in the analysis. Results: The multivariate odds ratios of scoring in the upper quartile of hostility (adjusting for age, sex, race, field center, educational attainment, marital status, body mass index, smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity) associated with one standard deviation increase in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) intake was 0.90 (95% CI ¼ 0.82-0.98; P ¼ 0.02). Consumption of any fish rich in n-3 fatty acids, compared to no consumption, was also independently associated with lower odds of high hostility (OR ¼ 0.82; 95% CI ¼ 0.69-0.97; P ¼ 0.02). Conclusions: These results suggest that high dietary intake of DHA and consumption of fish rich in n-3 fatty acids may be related to lower likelihood of high hostility in young adulthood. The association between dietary n-3 fatty acids and hostile personality merits further research.

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Section: Participants and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake of n-3, n-6 fatty acids and fish: Relationship with hostility in young adults—the CARDIA study

et al. 2003

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“…Details of the study design, methodology, and cohort characteristics are reported elsewhere. [24][25][26] Baseline data were collected between 1985 and 1986 on 2787 women, aged 18-30 y, of which 53 and 47 percent were black and white, respectively. Follow-up examinations conducted at 2, 5, 7, and 10 y after baseline had high overall retention rates of approximately 91, 86, 81, and 79 percent of surviving participants.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27 The five examinations included a variety of physiologic and self-report measures that have been described previously. 24,26,27 The Institutional Review Board of each participating center approved the study.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excess gains in weight and waist circumference associated with childbearing: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA)

et al. 2004

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OBJECTIVE:To examine the association of childbearing with weight and waist circumference (WC) changes, we compared women with and without pregnancies or births during follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter, longitudinal observational study over 10 years. Comparison groups defined by the number of pregnancies and births during follow-up: P0 (0 pregnancies; nongravid), P1 (1 þ miscarriages or abortions; 'short' pregnancies), B1 (1 birth), and B2 (2 þ births). Mean changes in weight and WC for P1, B1 and B2 groups vs P0 were examined separately by race (black and white), baseline parity (nulliparous and parous) and baseline weight status (normal weight; BMI o25 kg/m 2 and overweight; BMI Z25 kg/m 2 ). SUBJECTS: A population-based sample of 2070 women aged 18-30 y at baseline (1053 black subjects and 1017 white subjects) from Birmingham, Alabama, Chicago, Illinois, Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Oakland, California were examined five times between 1985-1986 and 1995-1996. MEASURMENTS: Weight and WC measurements were obtained using standardized protocol at baseline and examinations at years 2, 5, 7 and 10. Sociodemographic, reproductive, and behavioral attributes were assessed at baseline and follow-up examinations. RESULTS: Gains in weight and WC associated with pregnancy and childbearing varied by race (Po0.001), baseline parity (Po0.05) and overweight status (Po0.001). Among overweight nulliparas, excess gains in weight (black subjects: 3-5 kg, white subjects: 5-6 kg) and WC (black subjects: 3-4 cm, white subjects: 5-6 cm) were associated with 'short' pregnancies and one or more birth(s) during follow-up compared to no pregnancies (Po0.01 and 0.001). Among normal weight nulliparas, excess gains in weight (about 1 kg) and WC (2-3 cm) were associated with follow-up birth(s) (Po0.05). Among women parous at baseline, no excess weight gains were found, but excess WC gains (2-4 cm) were associated with follow-up births. CONCLUSION: Substantial excess weight gain is associated with both short pregnancies and a first birth in women overweight prior to initiation of childbearing. Excess weight gain was not associated with higher order births. Increases in waist girth were cumulative with both first and higher order births among overweight as well as normal weight women. Interventions to prevent obesity should be targeted at women who are overweight prior to initiation of childbearing. The impact of excess WC gains associated with childbearing on women's future health risk should be evaluated further.

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“…Detailed methods, instruments, and quality control procedures are described at the CARDIA website (http://www.cardia.dopm.uab.edu/ex_mt. htm) and in other published reports (23,24).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Low Serum Adiponectin Predicts Future Risk for Asthma in Women

Sood¹,

Qualls

Schuyler³

et al. 2012

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

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Rationale: Our previous cross-sectional study showed that serum adiponectin is inversely associated with asthma among women. However, it is not known if serum adiponectin predicts future development of asthma or if asthma affects subsequent serum adiponectin concentrations among women. Objectives: To determine longitudinal association between serum adiponectin and incident asthma among women. Methods: We used data from examinations at Years 10, 15, and 20 of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort. In our primary analysis, the association of CARDIA Year 15 serum adiponectin concentration with Year 20 incident asthma was evaluated. In our secondary analysis, the converse direction, that is, the association of CARDIA Year 10 prevalent asthma with Year 15 serum adiponectin, was evaluated, using logistic regression techniques. Measurements and Main Results: Our primary analysis included 1,450 women, mostly premenopausal. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that the lowest tertile of Year 15 serum adiponectin concentration (,7 mg/L) predicted significantly higher risk for incident asthma at Year 20 among women (odds ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.05, 4.10), and particularly among current smokers (interaction P ¼ 0.051). Further, low serum adiponectin was more important than body mass index in predicting the risk for incident asthma among women. We also showed that the converse relationship was not true; that is, Year 10 prevalent asthma did not predict Year 15 serum adiponectin concentrations in women. Conclusions: Serum adiponectin affects future risk for asthma in women and not vice versa. Measures that raise systemic adiponectin concentrations may lead to newer ways to prevent asthma among women, particularly among those who smoke.Keywords: incident asthma; obesity; adiponectin; adipokine; women In 2005, more than 21 million people in the United States were estimated to be affected by asthma, amounting to 7.6% of the total population (1). Between 1980 and 1996, the prevalence of, and morbidity trends related to, asthma increased in the United States (2, 3). It is now well established that asthma is related to adiposity, particularly among women. Adipokines, proteins produced by adipose tissue, may regulate systemic inflammation and play a role in asthma (4-7). Adiponectin is one such adipokine with predominantly antiinflammatory effects. Adiponectin inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and endothelial adhesion molecules and induces antiinflammatory cytokines (8-11). Further, adiponectin regulates the proliferation and function of inflammatory cells including NK cells and T lymphocytes (12, 13).Although visceral adipocytes are the most important source of adiponectin, serum adiponectin concentrations are reduced in obese subjects (14,15). One possible explanation is that hypoxia-related necrosis of adipocytes activates macrophages in obese subjects (16). These activated macrophages produce tumor necrosis factor-a and IL-6, which in turn may directly inhibit the local production o...

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Recruitment in the Coronary Artery Disease Risk Development in Young Adults (Cardia) study

Cited by 224 publications

References 0 publications

Dietary intake of n-3, n-6 fatty acids and fish: Relationship with hostility in young adults—the CARDIA study

Dietary intake of n-3, n-6 fatty acids and fish: Relationship with hostility in young adults—the CARDIA study

Excess gains in weight and waist circumference associated with childbearing: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA)

Low Serum Adiponectin Predicts Future Risk for Asthma in Women

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