Recruitment and Retention of Homeless Youth in a Substance Use and HIV-risk Reduction Program

Garvey, Rick; Pedersen, Eric R.; D’Amico, Elizabeth J.; Ewing, Brett; Tucker, Joan S.

doi:10.1177/1525822x17728346

Cited by 23 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…However, implementation challenges did not make this design a feasible option and there was concern about contamination across conditions. A group-randomized design for this evaluation has distinct advantages, and we maximized the comparability of the intervention and control groups by having each drop-in center serve as both intervention and control site on an alternating basis (with a wash-out period between the intervention and control phases within site) and using the same procedures at each drop-in center to identify and recruit participants for the study (**Garvey, Pedersen, D’Amico, Ewing, & Tucker, in press). The control group received “usual care,” which included access to all of the basic services (e.g., food, hygiene), case management, and programs that were available at the drop-in center at the time of the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A group-based motivational interviewing brief intervention to reduce substance use and sexual risk behavior among homeless young adults

Tucker

D’Amico

Ewing

et al. 2017

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

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Homeless young adults ages 18–25 exhibit high rates of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use, and sexual risk behaviors such as unprotected sex. Yet few programs exist for this population that are both effective and can be easily incorporated into settings serving this population. This pilot cluster cross-over randomized controlled trial evaluates AWARE, a voluntary four session group-based motivational interviewing (MI) intervention to reduce AOD use and sexual risk behavior. We evaluated AWARE with 200 homeless young adults using drop-in center services in Los Angeles County (mean age=21.8 years; 73% male; 79% heterosexual; 31% non-Hispanic White, 25% African American, 24% Hispanic, 21% multiracial/other). Surveys were completed at baseline and three months after program completion. Retention in the AWARE program was excellent (79% attended multiple sessions) and participants reported high levels of satisfaction with the program. AWARE participants self-reported positive change in their past 3 month and past 30 day alcohol use (ps ≤ .05), motivation to change drug use (ps < .05), and condom use self-efficacy (p = .05) compared to the control group. Among those with multiple sex partners, AWARE participants showed a decrease in unprotected sexual events (p < .05), whereas the control group did not. Results from this pilot evaluation are promising, suggesting that a brief group-MI risk reduction intervention can be effective in helping homeless young adults make positive changes in their alcohol and condom use. Further work is needed to more fully evaluate the efficacy of AWARE on AOD behavior and sexual risk behavior outcomes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A group-based motivational interviewing brief intervention to reduce substance use and sexual risk behavior among homeless young adults

Tucker

D’Amico

Ewing

et al. 2017

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment

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“…Participants were compensated $20 for the baseline survey and $30 for the three-month follow-up survey. We obtained extensive tracking and locator information from participants at baseline and were able to complete follow-up surveys with 95% of intervention participants (Garvey, Pedersen, D’Amico, Ewing, & Tucker, in press). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Group motivational interviewing for homeless young adults: Associations of change talk with substance use and sexual risk behavior.

D’Amico¹,

Tucker²,

Ewing³

et al. 2017

Psychology of Addictive Behaviors

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Homeless young adults exhibit high rates of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and sexual risk behaviors. This study is a secondary analysis of data collected in a randomized clinical trial of AWARE, a new four session group motivational interviewing intervention. AWARE mainly focused on alcohol use and sexual risk behavior given focus group feedback. We used sequential coding to analyze how the group process affected both AOD use and sexual risk behavior at three month follow up among homeless young adults by examining facilitator behavior and participant change talk (CT) and sustain talk (ST). We analyzed 57 group session digital recordings of 100 youth (69% male, 74% heterosexual, 28% non-Hispanic white, 23% African American, 26% Hispanic, 23% multiracial/other; mean age 21.75). Outcomes included importance and readiness to change AOD use and risky sexual behavior, AOD use and consequences, number of partners and unprotected sex, and condom self-efficacy.. Sequential analysis indicated that facilitator open-ended questions and reflections of CT increased group CT. Group CT was associated with a lower likelihood of being a heavy drinker three months later; group ST was associated with decreased readiness and confidence to change alcohol use. There were no associations with CT or ST for drug use or risky sexual behavior. Facilitator speech and peer responses were related to CT and ST during the group sessions with this high risk population, which were then associated with individual changes for alcohol use. Further research is needed to explore associations with drug use sexual risk behavior.

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“…It is also difficult to establish a stable mode of contact as they often move frequently between different service organizations, shelters, and cities [ 2 ]. Additionally, transient living situations complicate service provision and make it difficult to engage youth in longitudinal research and evaluation of interventions in this population [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internet and Social Media Access Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness: Mixed-Methods Study

VonHoltz¹,

Frasso²,

Golinkoff³

et al. 2018

J Med Internet Res

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BackgroundYouth experiencing homelessness are at a risk for a variety of adverse outcomes. Given the widespread use of the internet and social media, these new technologies may be used to address their needs and for outreach purposes. However, little is known about how this group uses these resources.ObjectiveThis study investigated how homeless adolescents use these technologies for general and health-related purposes, whether the scope of their use changes with housing status, and their interest in a website dedicated to youth experiencing homelessness.MethodsA convenience sample of youth aged 18 to 21 years was recruited from a youth-specific homeless shelter. All participants completed a 47-item survey, with 10 individuals completing a semistructured interview. Descriptive statistics, exact testing, logistic regression, and generalized estimating equation modeling was performed for quantitative data analysis. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and NVivo 10 (QSR International) was employed to facilitate double coding and thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 87 participants completed the survey with a mean age of 19.4 (SD 1.1) years. While experiencing homelessness, 56% (49/87) accessed the internet at least once a day, with 86% (75/87) accessing once a week. Access to a smartphone was associated with a 3.03 greater odds of accessing the internet and was the most frequently used device (66% of participants, 57/87). While experiencing homelessness, subjects reported a 68% decreased odds in internet access frequency (odds ratio [OR] 0.32, P<.001), 75% decreased odds in spending greater amounts of time on the internet (OR 0.25, P<.001), and an 87% decreased odds of social media use (OR 0.13, P=.01). Ten participants completed the semistructured interview. Several themes were identified, including (1) changes in internet behaviors while experiencing homelessness, (2) health status as a major concern and reason for Internet use, and (3) interest in a website dedicated to youth experiencing homelessness. While experiencing homelessness, participants indicated their behaviors were more goal-oriented and less focused on leisure or entertainment activities.ConclusionsWhile homeless youth experience changes in the frequency, amount of time, and specific uses of the internet and social media, study participants were able to access the internet regularly. The internet was used to search health-related topics. Given the importance of smartphones in accessing the internet, mobile-optimized websites may be an effective method for reaching this group.

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Recruitment and Retention of Homeless Youth in a Substance Use and HIV-risk Reduction Program

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

A group-based motivational interviewing brief intervention to reduce substance use and sexual risk behavior among homeless young adults

A group-based motivational interviewing brief intervention to reduce substance use and sexual risk behavior among homeless young adults

Group motivational interviewing for homeless young adults: Associations of change talk with substance use and sexual risk behavior.

Internet and Social Media Access Among Youth Experiencing Homelessness: Mixed-Methods Study

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