Recreational waters – A potential transmission route for SARS-CoV-2 to humans?

Cahill, Niamh; Morris, Dearbháile

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140122

Cited by 45 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Since COVID19 is a pandemic spread in 215 countries, it covers countries with wastewater treatment plants and other developing countries where wastewater is directly sent to the aquatic environment untreated. Thus, the presence of viable SARS-CoV-2 virus or RNA in aquatic environment is reported by several authors [ [45] , [46] , [47] , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] ].…”

Section: Spread Of Sars-cov-2 In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

The role of wastewater treatment plants as tools for SARS-CoV-2 early detection and removal

Lesimple

Jasim

Johnson

et al. 2020

Journal of Water Process Engineering

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Section: Spread Of Sars-cov-2 In the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 95%

The role of wastewater treatment plants as tools for SARS-CoV-2 early detection and removal

Lesimple

Jasim

Johnson

et al. 2020

Journal of Water Process Engineering

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“…It is important to understand the fate of SARS-CoV-2 in the water environment to ensure public health protection measures are suitably set in place ( Naddeo and Liu, 2020 ). However, there is currently limited data on the presence and viability of SARS-CoV-2 in water bodies ( Cahill and Morris, 2020 ). Aboubakr et al (2020) presented a review of studies on persistence of coronaviruses in chlorinated and dechlorinated water, which may help to understand the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in waters.…”

Section: Modes Of Environmental Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 in the environment: Modes of transmission, early detection and potential role of pollutions

Huraimel

Alhosani

Kunhabdulla

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

131

101

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading globally having a profound effect on lives of millions of people, causing worldwide economic disruption. Curbing the spread of COVID-19 and future pandemics may be accomplished through understanding the environmental context of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and adoption of effective detection tools and mitigation policies. This article aims to examine the latest investigations on SARS-CoV-2 plausible environmental transmission modes, employment of wastewater surveillance for early detection of COVID-19, and elucidating the role of solid waste, water, and atmospheric quality on viral infectivity. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via faecal-oral or bio-aerosols lacks robust evidence and remains debatable. However, improper disinfection and defected plumbing systems in indoor environments such as hospitals and high-rise towers may facilitate the transport of virus-laden droplets of wastewater causing infection. Clinical and epidemiological studies are needed to present robust evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is transmissible via aerosols, though quantification of virus-laden aerosols at low concentrations presents a challenge. Wastewater surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 can be an effective tool in early detection of outbreak and determination of COVID-19 prevalence within a population, complementing clinical testing and providing decision makers guidance on restricting or relaxing movement. While poor air quality increases susceptibility to diseases, evidence for air pollution impact on COVID-19 infectivity is not available as infections are dynamically changing worldwide. Solid waste generated by households with infected individuals during the lockdown period may facilitate the spread of COVID-19 via fomite transmission route but has received little attention from the scientific community. Water bodies receiving raw sewage may pose risk of infection but this has not been investigated to date. Overall, our understanding of the environmental perspective of SARS-CoV-2 is imperative to detecting outbreak and predicting pandemic severity, allowing us to be equipped with the right tools to curb any future pandemic.

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“…Discharge of wastewater to recreational waters was recently suggested as a potential transmission pathway for the novel coronavirus ( Cahill and Morris, 2020 ). Where wastewater is discharged into aquatic environments, there should be restrictions on recreational activities (e.g.…”

Section: Aquatic Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via wastewater

Liu¹,

Thompson

Carducci

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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The new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has spread internationally and whilst the current focus of those dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic is understandably restricting its direct transmission, the potential for secondary transmission via wastewater should not be underestimated. The virus has been identified in human fecal and wastewater samples from different countries and potential cases of transmission via wastewater have been reported. Our recommendations for hospital wastewater treatment, municipal wastewater plants, sewage sludge, water reuse and aquatic environments are designed to reduce the risk of such transmission, and contribute to limiting the resurgence of COVID-19 as current restrictions are relaxed. A particular urgent recommendation focusses on supporting low-income countries in tackling the potential for secondary transmission via wastewater.

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Recreational waters – A potential transmission route for SARS-CoV-2 to humans?

Cited by 45 publications

References 27 publications

The role of wastewater treatment plants as tools for SARS-CoV-2 early detection and removal

The role of wastewater treatment plants as tools for SARS-CoV-2 early detection and removal

SARS-CoV-2 in the environment: Modes of transmission, early detection and potential role of pollutions

Potential secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via wastewater

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