Recreational Physical Activity and Mammographic Breast Density Characteristics

Reeves, Katherine W.; Gierach, Gretchen L.; Modugno, Francesmary

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0732

Cited by 33 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The average estimated MET hours/week was 15.7 (SD 16.7) among ''healthy'' controls and 13.0 (SD 15.5) among ''benign breast disease'' controls. 18 A cross sectional study was carried out in 620 women participants in the Dutch EPIC using the same questionnaire model and the same PA indexes used in our analyses. Overall, in the Dutch study no association between a combined index of PA at work, recreational and household activities and mammographic percent density was found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies suggested an inverse association between PA and high MBD 12,13 or a positive association with hours of inactivity, 14 while others reported no association. 10,[15][16][17][18] We have carried out a study on 2,001 healthy women to prospectively investigate the influence of baseline individual characteristics related to dietary and life style habits on MBD, as assessed by mammographic examinations (MEs) performed 5 years after the enrolment in the cohort. We have previously reported results on the association between selected dietary habits and high MBD, 19 and in the present study we focused on the role of PA.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Physical activity and mammographic breast density in a Mediterranean population: The EPIC Florence longitudinal study

Masala

Assedi

Ambrogetti

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Cancer

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A protective effect of physical activity (PA) on breast cancer (BC) risk has been suggested. Few studies have examined the influence of PA on mammographic breast density (MBD), a strong risk factor for BC. In a prospective study in Florence, Italy, we identified 2,000 healthy women with a mammogram taken 5 years after enrolment. Individual mammograms were retrieved (83%) and MBD assessed according to Wolfe's classification. Detailed information on PA at work and during leisure time, reproductive history, lifestyle and anthropometric measurements at enrolment were available for 1,666 women. Information on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was also obtained at mammogram. Women with high-MBD (P2 1 DY Wolfe's patterns) were compared with women with low-MBD (N1 1 P1) by multivariate logistic models. Overall, high-MBD was inversely associated with increasing levels of leisure time PA (p for trend 5 0.04) and among peri-/postmenopausal women, also with increasing levels of recreational activities (p for trend 5 0.02). An interaction between PA and HRT emerged, with a stronger inverse association of highest level of recreational activity with MBD among HRT nonusers (p for interaction 5 0.02). A modifying effect by body mass index (BMI) was evident among 1,025 peri-/postmenopausal women who did not use HRT at the time of mammogram, with a stronger inverse association between recreational PA and MBD in the highest BMI tertile (OR 5 0.34; 95% CI 0.20-0.57; p for interaction 5 0.03). This large study carried out in Mediterranean women suggests that leisure time PA may play a role in modulating MBD, particularly in overweight/obese peri-/postmenopausal women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and mammographic breast density in a Mediterranean population: The EPIC Florence longitudinal study

Masala

Assedi

Ambrogetti

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…We used data from controls drawn from the Mammograms and Masses Study (MAMS), a case-control study of estrogen metabolites, mammographic breast density, and breast cancer risk. Details of the study methodologies have been presented elsewhere (26). In brief, 869 cancer-free women and 264 recently diagnosed breast cancer cases were recruited into the MAMS through the Magee-Womens Hospital Mammographic Screening and Diagnostic Imaging Program in the greater Pittsburgh area between September 2001 and May 2005.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use and Serum Total Estradiol in Postmenopausal Women

Hudson¹,

Gierach

Modugno³

et al. 2008

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Laboratory and epidemiologic evidence suggest that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use may be inversely related to the risk of breast cancer; however, the mechanism by which NSAIDs may protect against the development of this disease is uncertain. The objective of this observational study was to assess the relationship between current NSAID use and endogenous estradiol levels, an established breast cancer risk factor. To evaluate this aim, we conducted a cross-sectional investigation among 260 postmenopausal women who were not recently exposed to exogenous hormones. Information on current NSAID use (aspirin, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and other NSAIDs combined) was collected using a questionnaire at the time of blood draw. Estradiol was quantified in serum by radioimmunoassay. General linear models were used to evaluate the association between NSAID use and serum total estradiol. The age-adjusted and body mass index -adjusted geometric mean serum estradiol concentration among NSAID users (n = 124) was significantly lower than nonusers of NSAIDs (n = 136; 17.8 versus 21.3 pmol/L; P = 0.03). Further adjustment for additional potential confounding factors did not substantially alter estimates (17.7 versus 21.2 pmol/L; P = 0.03). To our knowledge, this report is the first to examine the relationship between NSAID use and serum estradiol in postmenopausal women. These cross-sectional findings suggest that NSAID use may be associated with lower circulating estradiol levels, potentially representing one mechanism through which NSAIDs exert protective effects on breast cancer.

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“…Moreover, at least two reviews of the epidemiologic literature failed to show significantly altered breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women with higher insulin-like growth factor-1 levels (22,23). Likewise, we excluded mammographic density from our biological model because recent research has generally shown no association between physical activity and breast density (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Activity and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: Proposed Biologic Mechanisms and Areas for Future Research

Neilson

Friedenreich

Brockton

et al. 2009

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Convincing evidence now supports a probable preventive role for physical activity in postmenopausal breast cancer. The mechanisms by which long-term physical activity affect risk, however, remain unclear. The aims of this review were to propose a biological model whereby long-term physical activity lowers postmenopausal breast cancer risk and to highlight gaps in the epidemiologic literature. To address the second aim, we summarized epidemiologic literature on 10 proposed biomarkers, namely, body mass index (BMI), estrogens, androgens, sex hormone binding globulin, leptin, adiponectin, markers of insulin resistance, tumor necrosis factor-A, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein, in relation to postmenopausal breast cancer risk and physical activity, respectively. Associations were deemed ''convincing,'' ''probable,'' ''possible,'' or ''hypothesized'' using set criteria. Our proposed biological model illustrated the co-occurrence of overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation influencing cancer risk through interrelated mechanisms. The most convincing epidemiologic evidence supported associations between postmenopausal breast cancer risk and BMI, estrogens, and androgens, respectively. In relation to physical activity, associations were most convincing for BMI, estrone, insulin resistance, and C-reactive protein. Only BMI and estrone were convincingly (or probably) associated with both postmenopausal breast cancer risk and physical activity. There is a need for prospective cohort studies relating the proposed biomarkers to cancer risk and for long-term exercise randomized controlled trials comparing biomarker changes over time, specifically in postmenopausal women. Future etiologic studies should consider interactions among biomarkers, whereas exercise trials should explore exercise effects independently of weight loss, different exercise prescriptions, and effects on central adiposity.

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Recreational Physical Activity and Mammographic Breast Density Characteristics

Cited by 33 publications

References 44 publications

Physical activity and mammographic breast density in a Mediterranean population: The EPIC Florence longitudinal study

Physical activity and mammographic breast density in a Mediterranean population: The EPIC Florence longitudinal study

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use and Serum Total Estradiol in Postmenopausal Women

Physical Activity and Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: Proposed Biologic Mechanisms and Areas for Future Research

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