Recreational Cannabis Use and Risk of Prescription Opioid Overdose: Insights from Pediatric Inpatients

Abstract

Our first goal is to evaluate the prevalence of hospital admissions for prescription opioid overdose (POD) in pediatric inpatients, and next goal is to measure the independent association between cannabis use disorders (CUD) and POD. Methods We used the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) and included 27,444,239 pediatric inpatients (age ≤ 18 years), and 10,562 (0.04%) were managed primarily for POD. The odds ratio (OR) of the association of variables in POD inpatients was measured using the binomial logistic regression model that was adjusted for demographic confounders and psychiatric comorbidities. Results Adolescents have higher odds (OR 10.75, 95% CI 10.16-11.36) of POD-related hospitalization compared to children ≤ 12 years. Whites formed the significant proportion (67%), and those from low-income families (<50th percentile) had higher likelihood for POD-related hospitalization. The most prevalent psychiatric comorbidities were mood disorders (44.3%) and anxiety disorders (14.6%). Prevalent comorbid substance use disorders (SUDs) included cannabis (14.2%), tobacco (13.1%), and opioid (9.4%). A higher odds of association with POD-related hospitalizations were seen in pediatric inpatients with comorbid opioid (

Demographic Pattern and Mortality Risk Factors for Prescription Opioid Overdose Hospitalizations: Results From Nationwide Inpatient Sample Analysis

“…Our study found that POD hospitalizations were prevalent in females (54.1%), elders in the 51-75-year age group (48.5%), whites (81.5%), and those in the lower household income quartet (32.8%). Past studies reflect our results where whites (67%) and those from low-income families had a higher likelihood for POD-related hospitalization [16]. Opioid prescription is more prevalent among whites because there is an unconscious bias resulting in under-prescription towards racial/ethnic minorities.…”

“…Since 2005, opioid-related hospitalizations have increased dramatically [4]. Past studies have shown a higher odds of association with POD-related hospitalizations in pediatric inpatients with comorbid SUD [16]. A past study found that overdose among children correlated to accidental or unintentional overdose from parental opioid prescriptions [20].…”

ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 Is Critical for Regulating Sevoflurane-Induced Microglial Inflammatory Responses and Caspase-3 Activation

“…Microglial inflammatory activation has been reported to induce cognitive impairment ( Feng et al, 2017 ; Zhao et al, 2019 ). Cognitive impairment in POD is associated with anxiety, memory impairment and other symptoms ( Gao X. et al, 2020 ; Pankaj et al, 2020 ; Ren et al, 2021 ). Therefore, according to our above findings in this study, we wanted to determine whether ATP supplementation can alleviate cognitive impairment to a certain extent.…”