Recreation reduces tick density through fine-scale risk effects on deer space-use

Mols, Bjorn; Churchill, J E; Cromsigt, Joris P. G. M.; Kuijper, Dries P. J.; Smit, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156222

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Shifts in space use have also been linked to TMIEs. For example, tick densities are higher, and sapling growth is lower in habitats used by deer to avoid recreation (Mols, Churchill, et al., 2022; Mols, Lambers, et al., 2022). However, some studies found no change in habitat use in response to human activity (e.g.…”

Section: Phenotypic Pathways Of Human‐induced Risk Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population and community consequences of perceived risk from humans in wildlife

Smith,

McDaniels,

Peacor

et al. 2024

Ecology Letters

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Human activities catalyse risk avoidance behaviours in wildlife across taxa and systems. However, the broader ecological significance of human‐induced risk perception remains unclear, with a limited understanding of how phenotypic responses scale up to affect population or community dynamics. We present a framework informed by predator–prey ecology to predict the occurrence of non‐consumptive effects (NCE) and trait‐mediated indirect effects (TMIE) of anthropogenic disturbances. We report evidence from a comprehensive review of the different types of human‐induced behavioural and physiological phenotypic changes and their influence on vital rates and population parameters in wildlife. Evidence for human‐induced NCEs and TMIEs is mixed, with half of published studies finding a relationship between human activities, phenotypic change and population outcomes. The net effects of anthropogenic NCEs and TMIEs depend on the mismatch between the phenotypic response and the lethality of human activity. However, strong research biases in taxa, systems, human disturbance types and demographic measures prevent unified inference about the prevalence of population responses to human activities. Coexistence with and conservation of wildlife requires additional research linking human‐induced phenotypic change to population and community outcomes.

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Section: Phenotypic Pathways Of Human‐induced Risk Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population and community consequences of perceived risk from humans in wildlife

Smith,

McDaniels,

Peacor

et al. 2024

Ecology Letters

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“…Many avian and mammal species can be tick hosts. Among them, deer are frequently important hosts (Mols et al 2022) due to their large populations and body sizes, supplying a wealth of blood meals to ticks, particularly the females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of ticks on a tropical island with introduced ungulates

Ku,

Liao,

Nelson

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Entomology

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The abundance of hard ticks can be determined by abiotic factors and the presence of suitable hosts. Since deer represent important hosts for many tick species, it is imperative to investigate whether deer introduction will increase the number of ticks, which can transmit a wide variety of pathogens. The sika deer (Cervus nippon) was introduced to Green Island, Taiwan, to supply velvet antlers, a traditional Chinese medicine. However, they were later released into the wild after a steep decline in antler prices. We conducted surveys for questing ticks, ticks on rodents and shrews, and the fecal pellet groups of ungulates (deer and goats) in 31 transects within 3 habitat types (forest, grassland, and roadside) on Green Island every 2 months in 2019. A total of 5,321 questing ticks were collected. All collected ticks were Haemaphysalis mageshimaensis Saito and Hoogstraal, a species first identified on an island with an abundance of sika deer. Additionally, 48 ticks collected from 126 trapped rodents and shrews were almost invariably Ixodes granulatus (except for 1 larval Haemaphysalis sp.). We did not find a positive correlation between the number of questing ticks and the number of fecal pellet groups, suggesting that factors other than ungulate abundance affect tick abundance. Nevertheless, large populations of questing ticks along some roadsides suggest a high risk of tick-borne diseases to tourists on this tropical island.

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“…There is a need to study the impact of human activity on marine megaherbivore spatial and temporal movements within their foraging habitat and how this cascades to the functioning of their primary resource. Similar to terrestrial studies that report on impacts of human activity on deer movement and foraging behavior (Ciuti et al 2012, Mols et al 2022, it is essential to find out when and where sea turtles feel at risk and when safe, and if human activity could either attract turtles or replace fear effects induced by predators in the seascape. Our novel method to investigate this using animal-borne video (Chapter 4,Fig.…”

Section: Tourist-turtle Interactions May Impact Ecosystem Functioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbivores shape the seascape : Cascading effects of herbivores on the functioning of tropical seagrasses in a changing world

Smulders

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The success of invasive macrophytes can depend on local nutrient availability and consumer pressure, which may interact. We therefore experimentally investigated the interacting effects of nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) addition, the exclusion of large herbivorous fishes and mimicked grazing on the expansion rates of the invasive seagrass Halophila stipulacea. The experiments were established on Bonaire and Aruba, two islands in the southern Caribbean, which differ in fish community structure.We observed that multiple Caribbean fish species feed on H. stipulacea. At both study sites, nutrient enrichment decreased invasive leaf carbon:nitrogen ratios. However only on Bonaire, where herbivore fish abundance was 7 times higher and diversity was 4.5 times higher, did nutrient enrichment result in a significant reduction of H. stipulacea expansion into native Thalassia testudinum meadows. This effect was likely due to increased herbivory on nutrient enriched seagrass leaves, as we found that excluding large herbivorous fish (e.g. parrotfish) doubled invasive expansion rates in bare patches on Bonaire. On Aruba, H. stipulacea expansion rates were higher overall, which coincided with lower abundances and diversity of native fishes, and were limited by mimicked fish grazing. We suggest that top-down control by the native fish community may counteract eutrophication effects by increased grazing pressure on nutrient-rich invasive seagrass leaves. We conclude that diverse and abundant herbivore communities likely play an important role in limiting invasion success and their conservation and restoration may serve as a tool to slow down seagrass invasions.

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Recreation reduces tick density through fine-scale risk effects on deer space-use

Cited by 7 publications

References 67 publications

Population and community consequences of perceived risk from humans in wildlife

Population and community consequences of perceived risk from humans in wildlife

Surveillance of ticks on a tropical island with introduced ungulates

Herbivores shape the seascape : Cascading effects of herbivores on the functioning of tropical seagrasses in a changing world

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