Recovery, processing, and usage of wet-stored fly ash

McCarthy, Michael J.; Robl, Thomas L.; Csetényi, László

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100945-1.00014-9

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…There are increasing research efforts aimed at reclaiming fly ash from landfills and ponds for use as SCMs. In a recent chapter outlining the issues and opportunities for reclaimed fly ash use, McCarthy et al [9] reported that there could be up to 50 Mt of stockpiled fly ash in the UK and possibly 1 Gt in the US. China could have 2.5 Gt in reserve [75].…”

Section: By-product Materials: Ashes and Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementary cementitious materials: New sources, characterization, and performance insights

Juenger

Snellings

Bernal

2019

Cement and Concrete Research

660

171

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Conventional supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as blast furnace slags or fly ashes, have been used for many decades, and a large body of knowledge has been collected regarding their compositional make-up and their impacts on cement hydration and concrete properties. This accumulated empirical experience can provide a solid, confident base to go beyond the status quo and develop a new generation of low-clinker cements composed of new types and combinations of SCMs.The need for new sources of SCMs has never been greater, as supplies of traditional SCMs are becoming restricted, and the demand for SCMs to reduce CO2 emissions from concrete production is increasing. In this paper, recent research on emerging SCM sources is reviewed, along with new developments in characterizing and qualifying SCMs for use and improved knowledge of SCMs on long-term concrete performance and durability. Keywords(B) Characterization; (C) Durability; (D) Blended Cement; (D) Filler; (D) Pozzolan Material Chemistry Used as SCM (Mt/y)Total volume est. (Mt/y) Comments Blast furnace slag Ca-Si-Al 330 300-360 Nearly fully used, latent hydraulic Coal fly ash Si-Al 330-400 700-1100 Subject to limitations on carbon content, reactivity Natural pozzolans Si-Al 75 Large accessible reserves Large variety/variability, often high water demand Silica fume Si 0.5-1 1-2.5 Used in high-performance concrete Calcined clays Si-Al 3 Large accessible reserves Metakaolin performs best, often high water demand Limestone CaCO3 300 Large accessible reserves Cementitious contribution in combination with reactive aluminates Biomass ash Si 0 100-140 Competition with use as soil amendment, high water demand, (for some: high alkali contents) MSWI bottom ash Si-Al-Ca 0 30-60 Expansive and corrosive components, leaching issues Steel slag Ca-Si-Fe 0 (negligible) 170-250 Various types, can contain expansive components (CaO) or leachable heavy C L reactivity Copper slag Fe-Si 0 (some as filler) 30-40 Low reactivity, leaching of heavy metals, more research needed Other non-ferro slags Fe-(Si)-(Ca) 0 (some as filler) 5-15 Mt/y each (FeCr, Pb, Ni) Low reactivity, leaching of heavy metals, more research needed

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Section: By-product Materials: Ashes and Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementary cementitious materials: New sources, characterization, and performance insights

Juenger

Snellings

Bernal

2019

Cement and Concrete Research

660

171

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“…Several researchers (Cristelo et al, 2011; Kolias et al, 2005; Aydilek and Arora, 2005; Santos et al, 2011; Cristelo et al, 2012a, 2012b; Reyes and Pando, 2007; Sahu, 2001; McCarthy et al, 2011) studied the effect of fly ash (both class C and F) on ground improvement through soil stabilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of class F fly ash on fine sand compaction through soil stabilization

Mahvash

López‐Querol

Bahadori-Jahromi

2017

Heliyon

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This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation carried out to evaluate the effect of fly ash (FA) on fine sand compaction and its suitability as a material for embankments. The literature review demonstrates the lack of research on stabilization of sandy material using FA. The study is concerned with the role of FA content in stabilized soil physical characteristics. The main aim of this paper is to determine the optimum quantity of FA content for stabilization of this type of soil. This is achieved through particle size distribution and compaction (standard proctor) tests. The sand was stabilized with three proportions of FA (5%, 10% and 15%) and constant cement content of 3% was used as an activator. For better comparison, the sand was also stabilized by 3% cement only so that the effect of FA could be observed more clearly. The results were in line with the literature for other types of soil, i.e. as the % of FA increases, reduction in maximum dry density and higher optimum moisture content were observed.

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“…Indeed, this appears to be reflected in limits on moisture level, or reference to drying of fly ash (before use), covered in Standards for the material [7,17]. Laboratory tests on wet fly ash in a small aggregate hopper, suggest that issues including the quantity of material, the period it is stored for (before discharge) and vibration or forced action at the hopper outlet are important with regard to use in wet form [12].…”

Section: {Page }mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…moisture level) and holding period [10], with reactivity potential affected [9,11]. Wet storage effects at actual fly ash sites (various exposure conditions/periods) have been noted to range from little change in the material [12,13], to processes including dissolution of components at particle surfaces/formation of secondary phases [13][14][15]. Hence, evaluation of individual storage areas is likely to be a necessary part of fly ash recovery.…”

Section: Word: 5491 (Excluding References) Tables: 7 Figures: 9 Intromentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry-processing of long-term wet-stored fly ash for use as an addition in concrete

McCarthy

Dhir

et al. 2018

Cement and Concrete Composites

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Recovery, processing, and usage of wet-stored fly ash

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Supplementary cementitious materials: New sources, characterization, and performance insights

Supplementary cementitious materials: New sources, characterization, and performance insights

Effect of class F fly ash on fine sand compaction through soil stabilization

Dry-processing of long-term wet-stored fly ash for use as an addition in concrete

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