Recovery Plan for Laurel Wilt on Redbay and Other Forest Species Caused by<i>Raffaelea lauricola</i>and Disseminated by<i>Xyleborus glabratus</i>

Hughes, Marc A.; Smith, Jason A.; Ploetz, R. C.; Kendra, Paul E.; Mayfield, Albert E.; Hanula, James L.; Hulcr, Jiří; Stelinski, Lukasz L.; Cameron, Stephen L.; Riggins, John J.; Carrillo, Daniel; Rabaglia, Robert J.; Eickwort, Jeffrey

doi:10.1094/php-rp-15-0017

Cited by 73 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Similarly, R. lauricola affects several members of the laurel family (Lauraceae) in the USA though lethal damage is most prominent on only a few native hosts including red bay (Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng. sensu stricto [42,54]). …”

Section: Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Host Variability on the Spread of Invasive Forest Diseases

Prospero

Cleary

2017

Forests

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Biological invasions, resulting from deliberate and unintentional species transfers of insects, fungal and oomycete organisms, are a major consequence of globalization and pose a significant threat to biodiversity. Limiting damage by non-indigenous forest pathogens requires an understanding of their current and potential distributions, factors affecting disease spread, and development of appropriate management measures. In this review, we synthesize innate characteristics of invading organisms (notably mating system, reproduction type, and dispersal mechanisms) and key factors of the host population (namely host diversity, host connectivity, and host susceptibility) that govern spread and impact of invasive forest pathogens at various scales post-introduction and establishment. We examine spread dynamics for well-known invasive forest pathogens, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (T. Kowalski) Baral, Queloz, Hosoya, comb. nov., causing ash dieback in Europe, and Cryphonectria parasitica, (Murr.) Barr, causing chestnut blight in both North America and Europe, illustrating the importance of host variability (diversity, connectivity, susceptibility) in their invasion success. While alien pathogen entry has proven difficult to control, and new biological introductions are indeed inevitable, elucidating the key processes underlying host variability is crucial for scientists and managers aimed at developing effective strategies to prevent future movement of organisms and preserve intact ecosystems.

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Section: Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Host Variability on the Spread of Invasive Forest Diseases

Prospero

Cleary

2017

Forests

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“…Prior to the laurel wilt epidemic, swamp bay occurred throughout the ENP. Swamp bay is highly susceptible to laurel wilt [26] and is attractive to, and supports significant egg production of, X. glabratus [158]. An aerial survey of the Everglades in 2011 and 2013 detected rapid spread of laurel wilt on this host tree [25].…”

Section: Ecology and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 95%

“…[26], their attractiveness to X. glabratus [66,78], the rapid increase in X. glabratus numbers in affected stands of these trees [58], and the substantial amounts of inoculum that most females of X. glabratus carry [70]. Furthermore, tree-to-tree spread via interconnected root systems, which has been suspected in avocado [28] and sassafras [147], and demonstrated in pondberry [148], enables movement of the pathogen without vector assistance.…”

Section: Ecology and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed above, X. glabratus is most important in natural settings, as it predominates in both trapping and rearing assays with these host trees [26,28,66], carries the greatest amounts of the pathogen [70], and was most consistently associated with transmission in no-choice assays [69]. However, the role that this species and its relatives play in the avocado system requires further study.…”

Section: Ecology and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since symptoms of laurel wilt can be confused with those associated with other biotic and abiotic factors, the presence of R. lauricola should be confirmed when a laurel wilt diagnosis is in doubt [26,28]. Currently, a taxon-specific method can be used to identify the pathogen and distinguish it from its closest relative, R. aguacate [102,189].…”

Section: Ecology and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laurel Wilt in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems: Understanding the Drivers and Scales of Complex Pathosystems

Ploetz

Kendra²,

Choudhury

et al. 2017

Forests

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Laurel wilt kills members of the Lauraceae plant family in the southeastern United States. It is caused by Raffaelea lauricola T.C. Harr., Fraedrich and Aghayeva, a nutritional fungal symbiont of an invasive Asian ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff, which was detected in Port Wentworth, Georgia, in 2002. The beetle is the primary vector of R. lauricola in forests along the southeastern coastal plain of the United States, but other ambrosia beetle species that obtained the pathogen after the initial introduction may play a role in the avocado (Persea americana Miller) pathosystem. Susceptible taxa are naïve (new-encounter) hosts that originated outside Asia. In the southeastern United States, over 300 million trees of redbay (P. borbonia (L.) Spreng.) have been lost, and other North American endemics, non-Asian ornamentals and avocado-an important crop that originated in MesoAmerica-are also affected. However, there are no reports of laurel wilt on the significant number of lauraceous endemics that occur in the Asian homeland of R. lauricola and X. glabratus; coevolved resistance to the disease in the region has been hypothesized. The rapid spread of laurel wilt in the United States is due to an efficient vector, X. glabratus, and the movement of wood infested with the insect and pathogen. These factors, the absence of fully resistant genotypes, and the paucity of effective control measures severely constrain the disease's management in forest ecosystems and avocado production areas.

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Impacts of Invasive Species in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States

Mayfield

Seybold

Haag

et al. 2021

Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States

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The introduction, establishment, and spread of invasive species in terrestrial and aquatic environments is widely recognized as one of the most serious threats to the health, sustainability, and productivity of native ecosystems (Holmes et al. 2009; Mack et al. 2000; Pyšek et al. 2012; USDA Forest Service 2013). In the United States, invasive species are the second leading cause of native species endangerment and extinction, and their costs to society have been estimated at $120 billion annually (Crowl et al. 2008; Pimentel et al. 2000, 2005). These costs include lost production and revenue from agricultural and forest products, compromised use of waterways and terrestrial habitats, harm to human and animal health, reduced property values and recreational opportunities, and diverse costs associated with managing (e.g., monitoring, preventing, controlling, and regulating) invasive species (Aukema et al. 2011; Pimentel et al. 2005). The national significance of these economic, ecological, and social impacts in the United States has prompted various actions by both legislative and executive branches of the Federal Government (e.g., the Nonindigenous Aquatic Nuisance Prevention and Control Act of 1990; the Noxious Weed Control and Eradication Act of 2002; Executive Order 13112 of 1999, amended in 2016).

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Recovery Plan for Laurel Wilt on Redbay and Other Forest Species Caused byRaffaelea lauricolaand Disseminated byXyleborus glabratus

Cited by 73 publications

References 66 publications

Effects of Host Variability on the Spread of Invasive Forest Diseases

Effects of Host Variability on the Spread of Invasive Forest Diseases

Laurel Wilt in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems: Understanding the Drivers and Scales of Complex Pathosystems

Impacts of Invasive Species in Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems in the United States

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