Recovery of valeric acid using green solvents

Abstract

In this work, extraction of valeric acid (VA) using tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) as a reactive extractant was carried out. To reduce the toxic effects of the conventional diluents on microorganisms, non-toxic and green edible sunflower and soybean oils were tried as the diluents. The high values of the distribution coefficient and extraction efficiency advocated to use them in the bio-refinery industries. Moreover, it shows intensification of the recovery of VA using reactive extraction process. Sunflower oil appeared to be a better diluent than soybean oil. The complexation reaction stoichiometry (m and n) and equilibrium complexation reaction constant K E m:n ð Þ were estimated by using the differential evolution technique. In spite of the loading ratio being less than 0.5, the estimated m/n was found to be more than 1.0. The higher values ofoccurred due to the 9higher stability of the VA-TBP complex in sunflower oil than in soybean oil. The stoichiometry of VA decreased with increasing TBP concentration. The complex concentration, HA ð Þ m S n  à org , was found to be higher for soybean oil. It increased with temperature and initial VA concentration but remained invariant with TBP concentration. Due to the decreasing trend of K E m:n ð Þ with temperature, the complexation reaction became exothermic. The enthalpy changes due to mass transfer stipulated easier mixing of the phases in sunflower oil than in soybean oil.

Optimization and modelling of pravastatin recovery from aqueous solutions using reactive extraction methodology

“…[13,14] Utilizing reactive extraction, scientists have been able to separate and recover antibiotics, alcohols, phenols, vitamins, and carboxylic acids from synthetic mixtures and complex media over the last 30 years. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Forward and back extraction are the two steps to apply the method. The first stage is known as reactive extraction in some literature studies.…”

Reactive Extraction of Gallic Acid Using Trioctylamine and Tributyl Phosphate with Natural Oils

“…In this process, the organic extractant plays the main role to extract the acid by interaction and forming the acid‐extractant complexes in the organic phase. The organo‐phosphoric compounds, such as trioctylphosphine oxide, tri‐ n ‐butyl phosphate (TBP), and di‐2‐ethylhexyl phosphoric acid, and aliphatic amines, such as tri‐ n ‐octyl amine (TOA), aliquat 336, tridodecylamine, and alamine 336, are offered as suitable extractants for the extraction of organic acids 17–26. To improve the physical properties such as viscosity, interfacial surface area, and surface tension of the extraction system, various diluents (polar/phase modifier and nonpolar/inert diluent) are used with the suitable extractant.…”