Recovery of scandium from KOH sub-molten salt leaching cake of fergusonite

Li, Sun-Chol; Kim, Sok-Chol; Kang, Chung-Su

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2018.11.052

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Currently, scandium is primarily recovered as a by-product from sources including tungsten refining slag, uranium leach solution, titanium pigment production waste, and red mud [14]. Prevalent recovery methods include solvent extraction [15][16][17], ion exchange [18][19][20], and adsorption [21][22][23]. Solvent extraction, vital for analyzing and preparing high-purity substances and widely used in hydrometallurgy, faces challenges such as co-extraction of impurities, saponification, low selectivity, and low dissolution rates [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of the Adsorption and Separation Behavior of Scandium and Zirconium by Trialkyl Phosphine Oxide-Modified Resins in Sulfuric and Hydrochloric Acid Media

Xu,

Yin,

Ning

et al. 2024

Toxics

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Zirconium is recognized as one of the main impurities of the rare earth element scandium during purification. It presents significant challenges due to its similar chemical properties, making separating it difficult. This study used trialkyl phosphine oxide (TRPO) as a functional ligand, and the effects of carrier type and acidity on adsorption performance were first investigated. Among these, the novel extraction resin SiO2-P as a carrier for TRPO demonstrated more prominent separation performance in 0.2 M H2SO4 and 5 M HCl solutions. The kinetic and isotherm data were consistent with the pseudo-secondary kinetics and Langmuir model, respectively, and the adsorption process could be regarded as homogeneous monolayer adsorption subject to the dual effects of chemisorption and internal diffusion. In addition, thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process of zirconium under the experimental conditions was a spontaneous endothermic process. Combined with the results of SEM-EDS, FT-IR, and XPS analyses, scandium and zirconium were successfully adsorbed by the resin and uniformly distributed on its surface, and the greater affinity of the P=O groups on the resin for zirconium was the critical factor contributing to the separation of scandium and zirconium. Finally, scandium and zirconium in sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid media were extracted and separated by column experiments, and the purity of scandium could reach 99.8% and 99.99%, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…alent recovery methods include solvent extraction [15][16][17], ion exchange [18][19][20], sorption [21][22][23]. Solvent extraction, vital for analyzing and preparing high-pur stances and widely used in hydrometallurgy, faces challenges such as co-extractio purities, saponification, low selectivity, and low dissolution rates [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Adsorption and Separation Behavior of Scandium and Zirconium by Trialkyl Phosphine Oxide-Modified Resins in Sulfuric and Hydrochloric Acid Media

Xu,

Yin,

Ning

et al. 2024

Toxics

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“…Ma (Shengfeng, 2012) studied the processes involved in the activated decomposition-HCl leaching of Sc from Bayan Obo tailings, wherein the Sc-bearing minerals were mainly riebeckite (containing 555g/t scandium) and jervisite (containing 190g/t scandium); they achieved a Sc leaching rate of 99.38% under the following conditions: an activator dose of 60%, roasting at 950 o C for 1.5 h, HCl concentration of 6 mol/L, solid to liquid ratio of 1:4, and acid leaching period of 6 h. Table 1 The leaching agents explored were sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and hydrochloric acid (HCl), being the first the most common for industrial applications. (Li et al, 2019) It is reported that the leaching efficiency of HCl is higher than that of other inorganic acids, indicating that HCl has a strong high solubility for hydroxides. Because of the formation of scandium trichloride, the target element is easily separated from impurities during the entire leaching process .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the mechanism and kinetics of sulfuric acid leaching scandium from rich scandium anatase

He¹,

Gao²

2022

Physicochem. Probl. Miner. Process.

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Scandium and its compounds have excellent properties, and are widely used in cutting-edge fields such as optics, electronics, and alloys. Thus, scandium is an important strategic metal. However, scandium is extremely sparsely distributed in the earth's crust, rarely occurs as an independent mineral, and requires a complex recovery process. Therefore, the study of the extraction of scandium is of great practical significance. This study examined the leaching test and kinetics of scandium under the acid leaching system of refractory anatase ore. Under appropriate two-stage countercurrent leaching conditions, the first stage of the particle size of fraction of -0.074 mm 82.6%, initial H2SO4 concentration of 6 mol/L, leaching temperature of 100 o C, acid/solid ratio of 3 ml/g, stirring speed of 300 rpm, and leaching time of 50 min; and the second stage of the initial H2SO4 concentration of 11 mol/L, leaching temperature of 150 o C, acid/solid ratio of 4 ml/g, stirring speed of 300 rpm, and leaching time of 50 min, a scandium leaching rate of 96.98% was achieved. The kinetics of scandium leaching conformed to a shrinking-core model, and sulfuric acid concentration and temperature were the most important parameters affecting the scandium leaching rate. The kinetic analysis of scandium leaching at different sulfuric acid concentrations showed that as the concentration increased, the sulfuric acid leaching of scandium changed from being chemical reaction-controlled to internal diffusion-controlled, and the apparent reaction order was 1.2429. The kinetics of scandium leaching at different temperatures showed that the sulfuric acid leaching of scandium was reaction-controlled and the apparent activation energy was 42.21 kJ-mol -1 .

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“…Recently, scandium (Sc) has been widely used in optical, electronic, and chemical industries, aerospace, nuclear technology, and other fields and its demand has continued to grow. − Demand for Sc has been expected to increase in the future because it is also used in fuel cells. − Nevertheless, Sc-rich ores are rare and the average abundance of Sc in the Earth’s crust is not high, with an average of only 22 mg kg –1 . Therefore, efficient recovery methods for Sc are required to sustain the rapidly growing demand for this metal in the global market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation and Recovery of Scandium from Sulfate Media by Solvent Extraction and Polymer Inclusion Membranes with Amic Acid Extractants

et al. 2019

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We report on the separation and recovery of scandium(III) from sulfate solutions using solvent extraction and a membrane transport system utilizing newly synthesized amic acid extractants. Scandium(III) was quantitatively extracted with 50 mmol dm–3N-[N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)aminocarbonylmethyl]glycine (D2EHAG) or N-[N,N-di(2-ethylhexyl)aminocarbonylmethyl]phenylalanine (D2EHAF) in n-dodecane at pH 2 and easily stripped using a 0.5 mol dm–3 sulfuric acid solution. The extraction mechanisms of scandium(III) extraction with D2EHAG and D2EHAF were examined, and it was established that scandium(III) formed a 1:3 complex with both extractants (HR), that is, Sc(SO4)2–aq + 1.5(HR)2org ⇄ Sc(SO4)R(HR)2org + H+aq + SO42–aq. The equilibrium constants of extraction were evaluated to be 4.87 and 9.99 (mol dm–3)0.5 for D2EHAG and D2EHAF, respectively. D2EHAG and D2EHAF preferentially extracted scandium(III) with a high selectivity compared to common transition metal ions under high acidic conditions (0 < pH ≤ 3). In addition, scandium(III) was quantitatively transported from a feed solution into a 0.5 mol dm–3 sulfuric acid receiving solution through a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) containing D2EHAF as a carrier. Scandium(III) was completely separated thermodynamically from nickel(II), aluminum(III), cobalt(II), manganese(II), chromium(III), calcium(II), and magnesium(II), and partially separated from iron(III) kinetically using a PIM containing D2EHAF as a carrier. The initial flux value for scandium(III) (J0,Sc = 1.9 × 10–7 mol m–2 s–1) was two times higher than that of iron(III) (J0,Fe = 9.3 × 10–8 mol m–2 s–1).

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Recovery of scandium from KOH sub-molten salt leaching cake of fergusonite

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Study of the Adsorption and Separation Behavior of Scandium and Zirconium by Trialkyl Phosphine Oxide-Modified Resins in Sulfuric and Hydrochloric Acid Media

Study of the Adsorption and Separation Behavior of Scandium and Zirconium by Trialkyl Phosphine Oxide-Modified Resins in Sulfuric and Hydrochloric Acid Media

Study on the mechanism and kinetics of sulfuric acid leaching scandium from rich scandium anatase

Separation and Recovery of Scandium from Sulfate Media by Solvent Extraction and Polymer Inclusion Membranes with Amic Acid Extractants

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