Recovery of Rubidium and Cesium Resources from Brine of Desalination through t-BAMBP Extraction

Abstract

50 billion cubic meters of brine every year creates ecological hazards to the environment. In order to reuse brine efficiently, rubidium and cesium were recovered in this experiment. On the other hand, the main impurities which were needed to be eliminated in brine were lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. In the procedure, seawater was distilled and evaporated first to turn into simulated brine. Perchloric acid was then added into simulated brine to precipitate potassium perchlorate which could reduce the influence of potassium in the extraction procedure. After that, t-BAMBP and ammonia were separately used as extractant and stripping agent in the extraction and stripping procedures to get rubidium hydroxide solutions and cesium hydroxide solutions. Subsequently, they reacted with ammonium carbonate to get rubidium carbonate and cesium carbonate. In a nutshell, this study shows the optimal parameters of pH value to precipitate potassium perchlorate. Besides, pH value in the system, the concentration of t-BAMBP and ammonia, organic phase/aqueous phase ratio (O/A ratio), reaction time, and reaction temperature in solvent extraction step were investigated to get high purities of rubidium carbonate and cesium carbonate.

Moss Biomonitoring of Atmospheric Pollution with Trace Elements in the Moscow Region, Russia

“…In 5% of the sampling sites, which were close to refinery companies, for example, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, the V/Ni ratio varied from 2.1 to 2.9. This is in agreement with Pacyna and Lindgren's study [16]. The second factor (F2) represented 13% of the total variance and was associated with high loads of Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Sb, and W. The highest concentration of mentioned elements was determined in the city's satellites around Moscow, where the main part of industrial enterprises is located.…”

Recovery and Recycling of Valuable Metals

“…Seventeen articles have been published in this Special Issue of Metals, encompassing the fields of mineral processing and extractive metallurgy [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. These articles cover a wide range of topics in the field and provide some ideas for active researchers who are working on the production of valuable metals from primary and secondary resources.…”

Process simulation and analysis of high‐pressure reverse osmosis (HPRO) in the treatment and utilization of desalination brine (saline wastewater)

“…Freshwater and valuable materials, for example, salts, metals, minerals, and even osmotic energy, can be recovered from the brine. [17][18][19][20][21] Thus, the volume of this by-product is reduced, and higher water extraction is achieved. This results in zero liquid discharge (ZLD) and minimal liquid discharge (MLD) conditions.…”

“…In this context, brine is no longer considered a by‐product but as a source of valuable material. Freshwater and valuable materials, for example, salts, metals, minerals, and even osmotic energy, can be recovered from the brine 17‐21 . Thus, the volume of this by‐product is reduced, and higher water extraction is achieved.…”