Recovery of residual nutrients from agri‐food byproducts using a combination of solid‐state fermentation and insect rearing

Abstract

The present research develops an innovative nutrient recovery strategy for capturing of un-utilised nutrients from agri-food byproducts using a combination of solid state fermentation (SSF) and insect rearing. SSF of borage and flaxseed meals were performed using GRAS organisms to release indigenous nutrients and to produce additional nutrients. Proximate analysis of the SSF-meals showed increases in both lipid and protein contents. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) were then grown on these SSF-meals for 12 day. The meals fermented singularly with Lactobacillus plantarum or Aspergillus niger displayed up to 30% enhancement in BSFL biomass, and dual fermentation with L. plantarum and Aspergillus oryzae resulted in an additional 10% enhancement. These examinations showed SFL use over-90% of proteins and lipids in SSF-meals. The results indicate that fermentation of these low-value meals can boost the efficacy of larval growth and the recovery of nutrients from agricultural byproducts as larval biomass.Nutrient recovery using SSF and insect rearing J.R.A. Kuttiyatveetil et al.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) Accumulation and Nutrient Recovery in Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) Fed Wheat Infected with Fusarium spp.

“…We showed that BSFL can convert agricultural wastes into biomass with up to 95% recovery of organic matter using SSF [4,10]. Our previous research [4,10] suggests that FDK could be fed to BSFL to recover nutrients at a high rate with SSF treatment of feedstock. It is, however, unclear if the mycotoxins would be accumulated when BSFL are fed with FDK.…”

“…Larvae gained significantly more weight when fed with FDK fermented with Lp (58.4 ± 6.3 mg/larva). Kuttiyatveetil et al [4] assessed SSF borage meal and flaxseed meal as the feedstuffs and reported that the highest BSFL biomass was 87.4 mg/larva. The volume of BSFL increased from 66.8 ± 21.8 mm 3 to 352.7 ± 87.9 mm 3 when fed FDK fermented with Ao at day eight, and there were no significant differences among treatments.…”

“…The BSFL is already used in the waste management of some substrates such as manure, rice straw, food waste, kitchen waste, distillers' grains, rotting plant tissues, fecal sludge, animal offal, and animal manure [8]. We showed that BSFL can convert agricultural wastes into biomass with up to 95% recovery of organic matter using SSF [4,10]. Our previous research [4,10] suggests that FDK could be fed to BSFL to recover nutrients at a high rate with SSF treatment of feedstock.…”

“…Food production relies on agriculture, but the current practice in agriculture may not be sufficient to supply enough food for this population increase, without damaging Mother Earth or introducing super-high-yield crops that do not result in environmental damage. Utilization of inedible agriculture products can bypass the above concerns and can yield additional edible products from current practice agricultural production [4].…”

“…Fungal and bacterial strains can be used in SSF, utilizing their abilities of enzyme production such as cellulase, pectinase, and xylanases. In this study, we used Aspergillus oryzae and Lactobacillus plantarum as microbial strains based on data obtained from our previous study [4]. The main objective of SSF was increasing the bioavailability of nutrients in FDK in favor of recovering them as BSFL biomass, and changing the nutrient profiles in favor of improved/efficient nutrient recovery in BSFL.…”