Recovery of rare earth metals (REMs) from primary raw material: sulphatization-leaching-precipitation-extraction

Karshigina, Z. B.; Абишева, З. С.; Bochevskaya, Yelena; Akçıl, Ata; Sargelova, Elmira Abdikhalikovna; Sukurov, B. M.; Silachyov, I.

doi:10.1080/08827508.2018.1434778

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…68,69 Owing to the properties of water, it is typically used in this stage of the sorting process to separate the different materials of the battery. 70 The commonly used methods for water separation electrode materials can be categorized into ve types: chemical precipitation, 71,72 ion exchange, 73 reverse osmosis, 74 electrodialysis, 75 and foam separation. 76 The use of water as a leaching agent oen requires an appropriate recovery system because it cannot directly dissolve metals in batteries.…”

Section: Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Green solvents in battery recycling: status and challenges

Qiao,

Zhang,

Wen

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Section: Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Green solvents in battery recycling: status and challenges

Qiao,

Zhang,

Wen

et al. 2024

J. Mater. Chem. A

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“…Karshigina et. al [82] also reported the recovery of rare earth metals from primary raw material by the process of sulphatization and leaching followed by precipitation. The ore consists of muscovite KAl2(AlSi3)O10(OH, F) 2 , quartz α-SiO 2, and kaolinite Al 2 (Si 2 O 5 ) (OH) 4 .…”

Section: Extraction From Complex Orementioning

confidence: 99%

Process Development to Recover Rare Earth Metals from Selected Primary Ores: A Review

Shahbaz¹

2022

Pak J Anal Environ Chem

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Rare earth elements (REEs) have become an integral part of modern-day technology. REEs such as light rare earth elements (LREEs) are from lanthanum to europium and heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) from gadolinium to lutetium. Rare earth metals are becoming a significant part of modern-day technology and material industry because of their applications in various fields such as hydrogen storage, alloys, batteries, bio-analysis, and nuclear technologies. Due to its multitudinous devotions in various fields, its demand is increasing day by day. This urge leads scientists to work tirelessly to discover novel methods and technologies that are beneficial in the modern era. China has considered a global leader in REE production, and its technological takeover is due to REE reserves. China has limited the supply of REE to other countries. Therefore, scientists are trying to discover low-cost and effective ways of its extraction from primary and secondary sources. Therefore, this is the need of the hour to unearth ores that contain REE and extract them by using a sustainable approach. Factors affecting leaching efficiency are the concentration of lixiviant, temperature, contact time, pulp density, and agitation have also been discussed in detail. This review highlights the leaching mechanism involved in REE extraction from primary sources. The lixiviant used has been discussed in detail. Prospects of the process have also been discussed. This tutorial-based review would be really helpful for the researchers.

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“…For rare earth elements extraction and separation, diverse extractants, including D2EHPA [7][8][9][10], Cyanex 272 [11][12][13][14], Cyanex 921 [15][16], PC88A [17][18][19][20], TBP [21][22][23][24], EHEHPA [25][26][27][28], and various ionic liquids [29][30][31][32], have been utilized in operational conditions and different aqueous sulfate, chloride, and nitrate mediums. All trivalent lanthanide ions have extremely similar properties owing to the coverage of 4f electrons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Deep Insight into the Selectivity Difference Between Y(III) and La(III) Ions Toward D2EHPA Ligand: Experimental and DFT Study

Alizadeh

Abdollahy

Darban

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The twofold extraction behavior of light and heavy rare earth elements transforms into a more selective extraction of heavy rare earth elements when Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), one of the commonest cation exchange extractants, is employed. However, why this phenomenon has not been fully investigated from the quantum perspective yet. To confirm and interpret the laboratory-observed selectivity results in the extraction of Y(III) over than La(III), this study utilized the Density Functional theory (DFT) connected with Born Haber thermodynamic besides importing the solvent effect through the Conductor-Like Screening Model (COSMO). The hydration reaction energies of La(III) and Y(III) were estimated at -383.7 kcal/mol and -171.83 kcal/mol according to the cluster solvation model. It was observed that, among other influential factors, hydration energy is a critical one in the rate of the extraction free energy of every rare earth element and its tendency to be transferred to the organic phase in reacting to the extractant ligand. It was shown that the experimental ∆∆Gext results (2.1 kcal/mol) enjoyed a proper consonance with the ∆∆Gext results of DFT calculations (1.3 kcal/mol). In the pursuit of discovering the reasons for this phenomenon, the orbital structure of every aqueous and organic complex was studied, and the significant differences in energy magnitudes were discussed. The current comprehensive design of experimental studies and calculations can give birth to a deeper understanding of the interactions of the D2EHPA extractant with La(III) and Y(III).

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Recovery of rare earth metals (REMs) from primary raw material: sulphatization-leaching-precipitation-extraction

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Green solvents in battery recycling: status and challenges

Green solvents in battery recycling: status and challenges

Process Development to Recover Rare Earth Metals from Selected Primary Ores: A Review

A Deep Insight into the Selectivity Difference Between Y(III) and La(III) Ions Toward D2EHPA Ligand: Experimental and DFT Study

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