Recovery of rare earth elements from phosphate rock by hydrometallurgical processes – A critical review

Wu, Shengxi; Wang, Liangshi; Zhao, Longsheng; Zhang, Patrick; El‐Shall, H.; Moudgil, Brij M.; Huang, Xiaowei; Zhang, Lifeng

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2017.10.143

Cited by 195 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 155 publications

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“…Various acids are used as leaching agents in recovery studies of rare earths from phosphate rock by hydrometallurgical processes such as H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 , H 3 PO 4 , and HCL [6]. Because of the impossibility of recovering REEs from phosphate by sulfuric acid (the most economical acid and already adopted by the traditional way of decomposition of phosphate rock) [7], we worked with HCl as a more economical leaching agent compared to HNO 3 and H 3 PO 4 . e present work is one of the first steps towards valorization and production of other substances from phosphate besides phosphoric acid (the traditional product).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Study of Rare Earth Elements from Moroccan Phosphate

Amine

Asafar

Bilali

et al. 2019

Journal of Chemistry

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As part of the valorization of the Moroccan phosphate rock by extraction of rare earths, different experiments on natural Moroccan phosphate from the Gantour Basin (basin of phosphate in the Youssoufia area) were done in the REMATOP laboratory. e response surface methodology was used to study the effects of the influence of different parameters (acid concentration, solid/ liquid ratio, duration of the reaction, stirring speed, and temperature) on the progress of the phosphate rock's dissolution process to determine the optimal parameters for the extraction of rare earths. e analyses were made at the same time on the mineral matrix and the solutions resulting from the attack of this matrix by different concentrations of hydrochloric acid. e rare earth analyses done by the ICP-MS technique have shown an overall amount of rare earths (ΣREs) of 228.408 ppm with the existence of yttrium as the major element.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, experimental design has been used to control the different factors that influence in the leaching process in order to optimize experimental conditions. e influential factors are optimized using response surface methodology and multicriteria optimization with a Doehlert design and desirability function [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Study of Rare Earth Elements from Moroccan Phosphate

Amine

Asafar

Bilali

et al. 2019

Journal of Chemistry

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“…The rare earth has become an extremely important strategic resource now, and the value of it will be more and more important with the development of science and technology [4]. REEs in nature can form independent minerals such as monazite and bastnaesite, and can also co-exists with other minerals as isomorphic substituents [5], such as rare earth-bearing apatite, one of the important potential rare earth resources [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Theoretical Study on the Electronic Structure and Floatability of Rare Earth Elements (La, Ce, Nd and Y) Bearing Fluorapatite

et al. 2019

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Calcium atoms are often replaced by rare earth elements (REEs) in the lattice of fluorapatite (Ca10F2(PO4)6), making the phosphate ore an important potential rare earth resource. In this paper, the electronic properties of REEs (La, Ce, Nd and Y) bearing fluorapatite crystals have been investigated by density functional theory. Results of calculation indicated that the existence of REEs increased the cell parameters of fluorapatite in varying degrees. The REEs substitution made the Fermi level of fluorapatite to move to higher energy levels, making it easier to accept electrons. Except for Y, all the other REEs (La, Ce and Nd) showed that the electronic state mainly exists in the valence band. The Fermi level of REEs were mainly contributed by La5d, Ce4f, Nd4f and Y4d, respectively. The Mulliken values of REE–F and REE–O bonds in REEs-bearing fluorapatites were larger than those of Ca–F and Ca–O bonds in the perfect crystal, and the values of Y–F and Y–O bonds were the largest. The results of interaction between fluorapatite and oleic acid by frontier molecular orbital analysis suggested that the substitution of REEs can improve the reactivity of fluorapatite with oleic acid.

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“…As Terras Raras (TRs) são encontradas em minerais metálicos estratégicos para o Brasil, as quais a produção e a demanda vêm se intensificando nas últimas décadas devido ao grande consumo pelos setores de alta tecnologia (Wu et al, 2018). As TRs são um grupo de elementos químicos da série dos lantanídeos (do lantânio (La, Z=57) até o lutécio (Lu, Z=71)), acrescidos do escândio (Sc) e do ítrio (Y), que apresentam comportamentos químicos similares devido sua configuração eletrônica.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Desafios Para a Extração Sustentável De Minérios Portadores De Terras Raras

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As Terras Raras são um grupo de elementos químicos que incluem todos os elementos do grupo dos lantanídeos, além do ítrio e escândio. Devido às suas propriedades químicas e físicas, as Terras Raras desempenham um papel essencial na indústria de produtos de alta tecnologia que tornam a disponibilidade destes elementos de suma importância para o avanço tecnológico, diretamente ligado à economia do país. As Terras Raras são encontradas em vários minerais, principalmente na monazita, na bastnasita, na xenotima e nas argilas de adsorção iônica. Devido à ocorrência do fenômeno de contração lantanídica, as Terras Raras possuem grande similaridade química e física, acarretando na dificuldade de separação e obtenção dos elementos lantanídeos na forma individual. Um dos grandes desafios da cadeia produtiva de Terras Raras é a busca por novos métodos de extração economicamente viáveis sem prejuízo do meio ambiente. Esta revisão bibliográfica pretende abordar os aspectos mineralógicos e químicos de diferentes minerais portadores de Terras Raras e discutir os desafios tecnológicos existentes nos processos de extração destes elementos, com foco no uso de tecnologias verdes para comporem a cadeia produtiva de Terras Raras.

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Recovery of rare earth elements from phosphate rock by hydrometallurgical processes – A critical review

Cited by 195 publications

References 155 publications

Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Study of Rare Earth Elements from Moroccan Phosphate

Hydrochloric Acid Leaching Study of Rare Earth Elements from Moroccan Phosphate

A Theoretical Study on the Electronic Structure and Floatability of Rare Earth Elements (La, Ce, Nd and Y) Bearing Fluorapatite

Desafios Para a Extração Sustentável De Minérios Portadores De Terras Raras

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