Recovery of rare earth elements from waste streams using membrane processes: An overview

Elbashier, Elkhansa; Mussa, Afnan; Hafiz, MhdAmmar; Hawari, Alaa H.

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2021.105706

Cited by 60 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…To extract scandium from a mixture of other metals, acidic OPCs such as P204, HEHEHP, and PC-88A can be utilized. With the use of HEHEHP as an extractant, sulfuric acid at concentrations ranging from 1–5 mol/L with ~20% co-extracted iron was suitable for extracting Sc from the solution [ 54 ]. With P204, Sc was extracted with over 90% efficiency from a leachate composed of 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid, leaving most of the Y and La in the solution [ 14 ].…”

Section: Processes For Scandium Recovery From Various Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low scandium concentrations are frequently recovered as an unwanted by-product during the treatment of tailings and residues from a wide range of sources, such as the uranium leaching process, titanium pigment manufacturing, liquid wastes, and chlorinating magneto-vana-ilmenite dust [ 1 , 53 ]. Solvent extraction and associated technologies such as ion exchange (IX) and liquid membrane (LM) extraction are extensively used for the separation and purification of scandium from diverse aqueous solutions [ 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For extracting trace amounts of scandium from solutions containing substantial levels of other elements, SX is currently the most extensively used technique [ 54 , 55 ]. Furthermore, it is the most extensively used method for scandium separation and purification because of its great extraction capacity and operation simplicity at large scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scandium Recovery Methods from Mining, Metallurgical Extractive Industries, and Industrial Wastes

et al. 2022

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The recovery of scandium (Sc) from wastes and various resources using solvent extraction (SX) was discussed in detail. Moreover, the metallurgical extractive procedures for Sc recovery were presented. Acidic and neutral organophosphorus (OPCs) extractants are the most extensively used in industrial activities, considering that they provide the highest extraction efficiency of any of the valuable components. Due to the chemical and physical similarities of the rare earth metals, the separation and purification processes of Sc are difficult tasks. Sc has also been extracted from acidic solutions using carboxylic acids, amines, and acidic β-diketone, among other solvents and chemicals. For improving the extraction efficiencies, the development of mixed extractants or synergistic systems for the SX of Sc has been carried out in recent years. Different operational parameters play an important role in the extraction process, such as the type of the aqueous phase and its acidity, the aqueous (A) to organic (O) and solid (S) to liquid (L) phase ratios, as well as the type of the diluents. Sc recovery is now implemented in industrial production using a combination of hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical techniques, such as ore pre-treatment, leaching, SX, precipitation, and calcination. The hydrometallurgical methods (acid leaching and SX) were effective for Sc recovery. Furthermore, the OPCs bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA/P204) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) showed interesting potential taking into consideration some co-extracted metals such as Fe(III) and Ti(IV).

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Section: Processes For Scandium Recovery From Various Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scandium Recovery Methods from Mining, Metallurgical Extractive Industries, and Industrial Wastes

et al. 2022

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“…In the second stage, the solid part is separated from leach liquor, subsequently followed by pregnant leach solution purification. The last step consists of extracting metal from the purified solution [37].…”

Section: Chemical Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different groups of lixiviants such as inorganic acid [30,31,33,38], organic acid [27,36] and alkaline reagents [36,[39][40][41], are used for metal leaching from e-waste. Recently, several reports were made with respect to REE and precious metals [26,37,[42][43][44]. Table 1 shows a list of chemical leaching approaches that were carried out for various e-waste samples along with their experimental conditions and metal recovery.…”

Section: Chemical Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Chemical versus Microbial Leaching of Electronic Wastes with Emphasis on Base Metals Dissolution

et al. 2021

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There is a growing interest in electronic wastes (e-wastes) recycling for metal recovery because the fast depletion of worldwide reserves for primary resources is gradually becoming a matter of concern. E-wastes contain metals with a concentration higher than that present in the primary ores, which renders them as an apt resource for metal recovery. Owing to such aspects, research is progressing well to address several issues related to e-waste recycling for metal recovery through both chemical and biological routes. Base metals, for example, Cu, Ni, Zn, Al, etc., can be easily leached out through the typical chemical (with higher kinetics) and microbial (with eco-friendly benefits) routes under ambient temperature conditions in contrast to other metals. This feature makes them the most suitable candidates to be targeted primarily for metal leaching from these waste streams. Hence, the current piece of review aims at providing updated information pertinent to e-waste recycling through chemical and microbial treatment methods. Individual process routes are compared and reviewed with focus on non-ferrous metal leaching (with particular emphasis on base metals dissolution) from some selected e-waste streams. Future outlooks are discussed on the suitability of these two important extractive metallurgical routes for e-waste recycling at a scale-up level along with concluding remarks.

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Hybrid Strategy for In Situ Shaping of Zeolite‐Imidazolate‐Frameworks into Polymeric Macrocapsule: Toward Practical Applications of Rare Earth Element Recovery

Cho,

Jung,

Choi

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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The efficient recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from secondary sources is an urgent global challenge. Although zeolite‐imidazolate‐framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) has unique advantages for REE recovery, its nanopowder form poses a significant obstacle to its practical application. Herein, the study proposes a novel in situ strategy for shaping ZIF‐8 into hierarchical 3D center‐radial channels of a polymeric macrocapsule (PMC) via a hybrid approach. Core–shell‐type ZIF‐8‐PMC hybrids (ZIF‐8@PMC) with the intrinsic physicochemical properties of ZIF‐8 are synthesized by combining counter‐diffusion‐based in situ growth and phase transformation, enabling unprecedented REE recovery of 463.6 and 580 mg g−1 for Nd3+ and Dy3+, respectively, which are superior to that of traditional encapsulating protocols. Moreover, ZIF‐8@PMC exhibits good applicability in the simulated permanent magnet leachate with recovery efficiencies of 92.5% (Nd3+) and 81.8% (Dy3+), after five repetitive cycles because of its protective nanoporous shell layer that prevents the release of in situ‐shaped ZIF‐8 to the exterior and invasion of external particulates into the PMC. Overall, these findings demonstrate the suitability of PMC as an ideal platform for the in situ shaping of ZIF‐8 and the application of the newly proposed protocol as a promising approach to expand the applicability of ZIF‐8 in various fields.

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Recovery of rare earth elements from waste streams using membrane processes: An overview

Cited by 60 publications

References 75 publications

Scandium Recovery Methods from Mining, Metallurgical Extractive Industries, and Industrial Wastes

Scandium Recovery Methods from Mining, Metallurgical Extractive Industries, and Industrial Wastes

A Review on Chemical versus Microbial Leaching of Electronic Wastes with Emphasis on Base Metals Dissolution

Hybrid Strategy for In Situ Shaping of Zeolite‐Imidazolate‐Frameworks into Polymeric Macrocapsule: Toward Practical Applications of Rare Earth Element Recovery

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