Recovery of Pitted Morningglory (<i>Ipomoea lacunosa</i>) and Ivyleaf Morningglory (<i>Ipomoea hederacea</i>) Following Applications of Acifluorfen, Fomesafen, and Lactofen

Higgins, Jeffery M.; Whitwell, Ted; Murdock, Edward C.; Toler, Joe E.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500074993

“…In other crops, such as soybean and dry beans, previous research has reported negligible fomesafen injury regardless of cultivar [26,27]. In this study, however, it is evident that fomesafen can produce significant injury to lupin.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 66%

Evaluation of Herbicide Efficacy, Injury, and Yield in White Lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

Folgart¹,

Price²,

Kelton³

et al. 2015

Herbicides, Agronomic Crops and Weed Biology

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White lupin is of increasing interest in the southeastern United States US as a winter legume cover crop or as mid-winter forage for ruminants. White lupins are poor weed competitors during early establishment, making effective weed control necessary however, only three herbicides are currently registered for use in lupin. "n experiment was conducted at two "labama sites in and to evaluate herbicide efficacy provided by ten preemergence PRE and nine postemergence POST herbicides as well as lupin injury and yield. Overall, PRE applied herbicides, particularly imazethapyr, linuron, and flumioxazin, caused less crop injury than POST herbicides while providing ≥ % control of annual bluegrass, corn spurry, heartwing sorrel, henbit, and lesser swinecress six weeks after application. Grass-active herbicides, fluazifop and sethoxydim, provided greater than % of annual bluegrass control without causing unrecoverable lupin damage. Imazethapyr applied POST controlled shepherd's purse % to % , cutleaf evening-primrose % to % , and wild radish % to % without lupin injury. POSTdirected spray applications of glyphosate and flumioxazin provided good weed control of corn spurry % to % and winter vetch % to % but caused significant crop injury due to drift. In general, grain yields were only reduced with the use of chlorimuron, diclosulam, glyphosate, and thifensulfuron. This research suggests there are several herbicides not currently registered that could be beneficial for use in US lupin production.

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“…5C and D). During the mesocosm experiment, the amount of galac-togen steadily decreased with time (F 3,70] ϭ 7.00, p Ͻ 0.001), concomitantly to a regular increase in GalE activity (F [3,81] ϭ 6.77, p Ͻ 0.001) ( Fig. 5G and H).…”

Section: Energetic Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For the glycogen phosphorylase activity, data were square-rooted. For steroid levels, the model did not include mesocosm as a nested factor since only one observation [2,547] 0.85 [2,45] 1.04 [2,201] 0.477 0.471 0.394 1.12 [2,547] 34.94 [2,45] 56.43 [2,201] 0.327 0.000 0.000 1.39 [4,547] 4.55 [4,45] 1.04 [4,201] 0.235 0.004 0.390 16.02 [6,547] 3.58 [6,45] 6.54 [6,201] 0.000 0.005 0.000 ------Glycogen content Glycogen phosphorylase activity Galactogen content 0.92 [2,79] 5.32 [2,87] 0.01 [2,70] 0.448 0.047 0.988 36.10 [3,79] 6.63 [3,87] 7.00 [3,70] 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.58 [6,79] 2.13 [6,87] 0.71 [6,70] 0.025 0.058 0.642 3.73 [6,79] 0.58 [6,87] 0.85 [6,70] 0.003 0.748 0.537 1.11 1,79] c -0.18 [1,70] d 0.295 -0.676 UDP-galacto...…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are used as preemergence treatment to control annual broadleaf and grass weeds in soybeans, peanuts, and other legumes and for postemergence weed control in wheat, barley, rice, and sugar beets [1]. The DPE fomesafen (5-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-N-(methylsulfonyl)2-nitrobenzamide; CAS RN [721178-02-0]) is specifically used for early postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in soybean [2,3]. Diphenyl ethers are contact, foliar-applied herbicides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonylphenol Polyethoxylate Adjuvant Mitigates the Reproductive Toxicity of Fomesafen on the Freshwater Snail Lymnaea Stagnalis in Outdoor Experimental Ponds

Jumel¹,

Coutellec²,

Cravedi³

et al. 2002

Environ Toxicol Chem

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The influence of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEO), formulated as the adjuvant Agral 90, on the effects of the diphenyl ether herbicide fomesafen in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis was investigated, with particular attention to the reproductive performances and underlying energetic and hormonal processes. Separate short-term exposures to low concentrations of fomesafen and fomesafen-Agral mixture were performed in the laboratory. Outdoor experimental ponds (mesocosms) were used for long-term exposures to higher chemical concentrations. At the concentrations used in the studies, NPEO were known as nontoxic in L stagnalis. Fomesafen was mixed with the adjuvant in the 3:7 ratio recommended for agricultural uses (nominal herbicide concentrations of 22 and 40 microg/L in laboratory and mesocosm, respectively). In mesocosms, multiple application of fomesafen, leading to maximal herbicide concentrations of 60.33 +/- 2.68 microg/L in water, resulted in reduced number of egg masses and altered glycogen metabolism in contaminated snails. These changes, as well as affected steroid-like levels in fomesafen-exposed snails, support the hypothesis of impaired neuroendocrine functions. When Agral 90 was added to the herbicide, results obtained in mesocosms showed that the adjuvant softened the impact of fomesafen. In mesocosms treated with the fomesafen-Agral mixture, significantly lower herbicide levels were found in the water (30.33 +/- 14.91 microg/L at the end of the contamination period). Consequently, internal exposure of the snails to fomesafen was reduced when the herbicide was mixed with the adjuvant. Mitigation of the effects of fomesafen by the adjuvant may therefore result from nonionic surfactant activity of NPEO that prevented fomesafen from reaching the snails.

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“…They are used as preemergence treatment to control annual broadleaf and grass weeds in soybeans, peanuts, and other legumes and for postemergence weed control in wheat, barley, rice, and sugar beets [1]. The DPE fomesafen (5‐[2‐chloro‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]‐ N ‐(methylsulfonyl)2‐nitrobenzamide; CAS RN [721178‐02‐0]) is specifically used for early post‐emergence control of broadleaf weeds in soybean [2,3]. Diphenyl ethers are contact, foliar‐applied herbicides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonylphenol polyethoxylate adjuvant mitigates the reproductive toxicity of fomesafen on the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis in outdoor experimental ponds

Jumel

¹

,

Coutellec

²

,

Cravedi

³

et al. 2002

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The influence of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEO), formulated as the adjuvant Agral 90, on the effects of the diphenyl ether herbicide fomesafen in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis was investigated, with particular attention to the reproductive performances and underlying energetic and hormonal processes. Separate short-term exposures to low concentrations of fomesafen and fomesafen-Agral mixture were performed in the laboratory. Outdoor experimental ponds (mesocosms) were used for long-term exposures to higher chemical concentrations. At the concentrations used in the studies, NPEO were known as nontoxic in L stagnalis. Fomesafen was mixed with the adjuvant in the 3:7 ratio recommended for agricultural uses (nominal herbicide concentrations of 22 and 40 microg/L in laboratory and mesocosm, respectively). In mesocosms, multiple application of fomesafen, leading to maximal herbicide concentrations of 60.33 +/- 2.68 microg/L in water, resulted in reduced number of egg masses and altered glycogen metabolism in contaminated snails. These changes, as well as affected steroid-like levels in fomesafen-exposed snails, support the hypothesis of impaired neuroendocrine functions. When Agral 90 was added to the herbicide, results obtained in mesocosms showed that the adjuvant softened the impact of fomesafen. In mesocosms treated with the fomesafen-Agral mixture, significantly lower herbicide levels were found in the water (30.33 +/- 14.91 microg/L at the end of the contamination period). Consequently, internal exposure of the snails to fomesafen was reduced when the herbicide was mixed with the adjuvant. Mitigation of the effects of fomesafen by the adjuvant may therefore result from nonionic surfactant activity of NPEO that prevented fomesafen from reaching the snails.

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Recovery of Pitted Morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa) and Ivyleaf Morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea) Following Applications of Acifluorfen, Fomesafen, and Lactofen

Cited by 34 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluation of Herbicide Efficacy, Injury, and Yield in White Lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

Evaluation of Herbicide Efficacy, Injury, and Yield in White Lupin (Lupinus albus L.)

Nonylphenol Polyethoxylate Adjuvant Mitigates the Reproductive Toxicity of Fomesafen on the Freshwater Snail Lymnaea Stagnalis in Outdoor Experimental Ponds

Nonylphenol polyethoxylate adjuvant mitigates the reproductive toxicity of fomesafen on the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis in outdoor experimental ponds

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