Recovery of oxygenated ignitable liquids by zeolites, Part II: Dual-mode heated passive headspace extraction

Rodgers, Corissa L.; Pierre, Kathryne A. St.; Hall, Adam B.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.04.025

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Rodgers et al. studied the viability of this dual mode passive HS approach for recovering light to heavy petroleum distillates. Single modes studies showed that zeolite 13X was very efficient at removing oxygenates and LMW compounds.…”

Section: Modified Sample Preparation Techniques For Fire Debris Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample preparation for the analysis of fire debris – Past and present

Kerr

2018

J of Separation Science

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Identification of ignitable liquids from fire debris is such a major part of an arson investigation that much time and effort has gone into advancing sample preparation techniques to capture complicated and unexpected hydrocarbon compounds. Advancements in sample preparation have been made in order to account for biodegradation of commonly used accelerants, rarely encountered compounds, such as vegetable oils, biodiesel, and alcohols. Improvements have also been made to manage interference from the sample matrix, particularly with regards to new materials. This paper is a review of the sample preparation techniques that are foundational to fire debris analysis as well as recent advances. Also explored are modifications to the traditional sample preparation methods to accommodate the analysis of environmental samples (soil and water), and the presence of vegetable oils and biofuels on the fire scene.

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Section: Modified Sample Preparation Techniques For Fire Debris Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample preparation for the analysis of fire debris – Past and present

Kerr

2018

J of Separation Science

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“…Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is the technique of choice for ignitable liquid residue (ILR) analysis, with the method standardised in ASTM E1618-14 [18]. Over 90% of laboratories analysing fire debris utilise this technique, and many publications of ILR studies have been carried out using GC/MS [19][20][21][22][23][24]. While current GC/MS is sufficient for most fire debris samples encountered in a forensic laboratory, samples with highly weathered ILRs or in the presence of heavy interference products pose a significant challenge for GC/MS analysis and often result in inconclusive results [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile organic compound analysis of accelerant detection canine distractor odours

Leung

Forbes

Maynard

2019

Forensic Science International

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Ignitable liquid detection dogs have been observed to falselyrespond to the pyrolysis products of common burned household items such as carpets and garden hoses, where ignitable liquids were not present. These responses from the canines are described as coming from distractor odours and decrease the reliability of detector dogs. The purpose of this research was to study the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the odour profile of pyrolysed carpet and garden hose substrates, and determine whether a chemical similarity exists between these pyrolysis headspace profiles and target ignitable liquids, which may explain the false-positive behaviour of these detector dogs. Garden hose and carpet samples obtained from domestic settings were heated at a constant temperature for a specified time to produce pyrolysis products. A solid-phase microextraction (SPME) method was developed to extract the VOCs from burned substrates. The odours of the burned substrates were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). A GC-MS/MS method was developed targeting the characteristic aromatic compounds in gasoline. Each pyrolysed substrate produced a complex and unresolved odour profile when analysed by GC-MS. GC-MS analysis failed to find any similarities between the odours of the burned substrates and ignitable liquids. GC-MS/MS analysis of pyrolysed garden hose and carpet substrate odours resolved and identified a wide range of aromatic target compounds-and these were present in high abundances in the hose samples. This indicates that there are significant chemical similarities *Highlights (for review)

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“…Although this method is faster than the ASTM E1412 standard method and the zeolites are very cheap, much cheaper than the activated charcoal strips, it also requires the use of solvent (MeOH) and can only be applied to oxygenated ignitable liquids. Another study was carried out in which the authors compared the recoveries of petroleum and alcohol-based ignitable liquid mixtures using activated charcoal strips and zeolites, both individually and in tandem [ 11 ]. The best results were obtained using zeolites with activated charcoal strips in a ‘dual-mode’.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris: Direct Analysis by Electronic Nose

Ferreiro-González

Barbero

Ayuso

et al. 2016

Sensors

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Arsonists usually use an accelerant in order to start or accelerate a fire. The most widely used analytical method to determine the presence of such accelerants consists of a pre-concentration step of the ignitable liquid residues followed by chromatographic analysis. A rapid analytical method based on headspace-mass spectrometry electronic nose (E-Nose) has been developed for the analysis of Ignitable Liquid Residues (ILRs). The working conditions for the E-Nose analytical procedure were optimized by studying different fire debris samples. The optimized experimental variables were related to headspace generation, specifically, incubation temperature and incubation time. The optimal conditions were 115 °C and 10 min for these two parameters. Chemometric tools such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were applied to the MS data (45–200 m/z) to establish the most suitable spectroscopic signals for the discrimination of several ignitable liquids. The optimized method was applied to a set of fire debris samples. In order to simulate post-burn samples several ignitable liquids (gasoline, diesel, citronella, kerosene, paraffin) were used to ignite different substrates (wood, cotton, cork, paper and paperboard). A full discrimination was obtained on using discriminant analysis. This method reported here can be considered as a green technique for fire debris analyses.

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Recovery of oxygenated ignitable liquids by zeolites, Part II: Dual-mode heated passive headspace extraction

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Sample preparation for the analysis of fire debris – Past and present

Sample preparation for the analysis of fire debris – Past and present

Volatile organic compound analysis of accelerant detection canine distractor odours

Determination of Ignitable Liquids in Fire Debris: Direct Analysis by Electronic Nose

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