Recovery of New Viruses (Coryzavirus) from Cases of Common Cold in Human Adults

Hamparian, Vincent V.; Ketler, Albert; Hilleman, Maurice R.

doi:10.3181/00379727-108-26962

Cited by 74 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, Ro 09-0410 directly inactivated rhinoviruses. Subsequent studies showed that the infectivity of rhinoviruses was reduced by exposure to Ro 09-0410 but was regained completely by the extraction of the agent with chloroform, to which rhinovirus is resistant (1). While bound to the agent, rhinovirus was inactive.…”

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confidence: 99%

Direct and specific inactivation of rhinovirus by chalcone Ro 09-0410

Ishitsuka¹,

Ninomiya²,

Ohsawa³

et al. 1982

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Studies of various analogs related to the antipicornavirus agent, 4',5-dihydroxy-3,3',7-trimethoxyflavone (Ro 09-0179), led to the identification of 4'-ethoxy-2'-hydroxy4,6'-dimethoxychalcone (Ro 09-0410), a new and different type of antiviral agent. Ro 09-0410 had a high activity against rhinoviruses but no activity against other picorraviruses. Of 53 rhinovirus serotypes so far tested, 46 were susceptible to Ro 09-0410 in HeLa cell cultures. The concentration of Ro 09-0410 inhibiting 50% of the types of rhinovirus was about 0.03 ,ug/ml, whereas the 50%o cytotoxic concentration was 30 ,Ig/thl. Ro 09-0410 inactivated rhinoviruses in direct dose-, time-, and temperture-dependent fashion. Since infectivity, reduced by exposure to the agent, completely regained the original level by extraction of the agent with chloroform, the inactivation may be associated with the binding of the agent to some specific site of the rhinovirus capsid.Ro 09-0179 (4',5-dihydroxy-3,3',7-trimethoxyflavone), a potent antipicornavirus agent, was isolated from a Chinese medicinal herb, Agastache Folium (Agastache rugosa Kuntze) (3). The discovery of this agent led to the synthesis of a series of derivatives and testing of their antiviral activities in tissue culture. Among hundreds of compounds prepared and evaluated, Ro 09-0410 (4'-ethoxy-2'-hydroxy-4,6'-dimethoxychalcone) (Fig. 1) emerged as an agent exclusively active against rhinoviruses.The mode of action of Ro 09-0410 differed significantly from that of Ro 09-0179. The latter appeared to inhibit the replication of picornavirus at a stage between uncoating and the initiation of RNA synthesis in infected cells (3). On the other hand, Ro 09-0410 directly inactivated rhinoviruses. Subsequent studies showed that the infectivity of rhinoviruses was reduced by exposure to Ro 09-0410 but was regained completely by the extraction of the agent with chloroform, to which rhinovirus is resistant (1). While bound to the agent, rhinovirus was inactive. In this report, we describe the results of tissue culture studies on the antirhinovirus activity of ( All rhinoviruses used in this study were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, Md., except type 2 (HGP), which was kindly supplied by R. Kohno, the National Institute of Health of Japan. Viruses were propagated in HeLa and WI-38 cells at 33°C. Poliovirus, echoviruses, coxsackieviruses, mengovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, respiratory syncytial virus, herpes simplex virus, vacciia virus, and influenza virus used in this study were propagated as described in the accompanying paper (3).Asy of rhino titer and ePt"mation of MIC5..The rhinovirus titer was assayed, and the 509o minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC50) was estimated as described in the accompanying paper (3). The virus titer was expressed as plaque-forming units per milliliter. The MIC50 was expressed as the concentration at which the viral cytopathic effect was inhibited by about 50%6 as compared with the control.

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confidence: 99%

Direct and specific inactivation of rhinovirus by chalcone Ro 09-0410

Ishitsuka¹,

Ninomiya²,

Ohsawa³

et al. 1982

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…Infected babies remained ill for three to five months [161]. RSV was also found to be contagious, and soon spread to adults where it has been linked to the common cold [162].…”

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confidence: 99%

The polio vaccine: a critical assessment of its arcane history, efficacy, and long-term health-related consequences

Miller¹

2004

Medical Veritas

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Polio (poliomyelitis) is a potentially dangerous viral ailment. To combat this disease, researchers developed two polio vaccines (inactivated and live) grown in cultures made from monkey kidneys. Beginning in the 1950s, these vaccines were administered to millions of people in the United States and throughout the world. Officially, the polio vaccine is considered safe and effective, and has been credited with singularly reducing the incidence of this disease. These tenets are not supported by the data.A cancer-causing monkey virus-SV-40-was discovered in polio vaccines administered to millions of people. SV-40 has been found in brain tumors, bone cancers, lung cancers and leukemia. SV-40 is transmitted through sexual intercourse, and from mother to child in the womb. Monkeys that were used to make polio vaccines were infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), a virus closely related to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the infectious agent associated with AIDS. Some researchers question whether HIVs may simply be SIVs "residing in and adapting to a human host." Polio vaccines also contain calf serum, glycerol and other parts of the cow that may have been infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease, a fatal brain-wasting ailment that some researchers link to Cruetzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), its human equivalent.Current disease reduction techniques that emphasize short-term gains over long-term health consequences need to be reevaluated and discontinued while new and safer health paradigms are researched and implemented.

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“…In the U.S.A. Hamre & Procknow (1961) isolated fifty-three strains from 199 specimens from 101 medical students with common colds. Hamparian, Ketler & Hilleman (1961) described the isolation of eighteen strains from 110 patients; and, more recently, Ketler, Hamparian & Hilleman (1962) reported the isolation of thirty-five strains from 403 adults and children.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In England, Taylor-Robinson & Tyrrell (1962) separated their strains into four different serological groups. In the U.S.A., the strains of Hamparian et al (1961) belonged to six different groups; and these authors quoted the unpublished findings of Johnson et al. of at least six different serotypes among strains isolated in Washington.…”

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Viruses from the common cold. A survey in Royal Air Force recruits on arrival from civilian life

et al. 1963

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Twenty-three strains of rhinovirus were isolated from 102 patients who had common colds on arrival at a Royal Air Force recruit centre during a 6-month period from June to November, 1960. Three of these strains were M type rhino-viruses similar to ECHO 28 virus. Twenty strains were H type rhinoviruses which fell into six or more different antigenic types. Two of these types were similar to the prototypes Sal/1/58/H and Sheffield/1/60/H. Three types were antigenically distinct from those previously reported in this country and several strains are still unclassified. Other human respiratory viruses were not isolated from common colds occurring at this time among the population studied.We are indebted to the Senior Medical Officer of R.A.F. Cardington for providing facilities for the investigation, to Squadron Leader M. Shearer for his help in collecting convalescent blood specimens, and to the Director-General of the Royal Air Force Medical Service for permission to publish this paper.We wish to acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of Miss Ann Deacon. We should also like to thank Dr H. E. M. Kay of the Royal Marsden Hospital for supplying human embryo kidney.

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Recovery of New Viruses (Coryzavirus) from Cases of Common Cold in Human Adults

Cited by 74 publications

References 6 publications

Direct and specific inactivation of rhinovirus by chalcone Ro 09-0410

Direct and specific inactivation of rhinovirus by chalcone Ro 09-0410

The polio vaccine: a critical assessment of its arcane history, efficacy, and long-term health-related consequences

Viruses from the common cold. A survey in Royal Air Force recruits on arrival from civilian life

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