Recovery of Neodymium from Waste Permanent Magnets by Hydrometallurgy Using Hollow Fibre Supported Liquid Membranes

Ni’am, Achmad Chusnun; Liu, Yi-Hsien; Wang, Ya-Fen; Chen, Shyh‐Wei; Chang, Gen-Mu; You, Sheng‐Jie

doi:10.15261/serdj.27.69

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Recently, D 2 EHPA has been used in several methods intended for the recovery of different REEs from various sources. For example, Ni'am et al [31] used a hollow fiber-supported liquid membrane module with hydrophobic microporous polypropylene hollow fiber support and D 2 EHPA (in Isopar-L) as the organic phase in the membrane for the recovery of neodymium ions from acidic leachate of waste permanent magnets and reported that the applied HFSLM enabled the recovery of 90.82% of the Nd in a short time process (35 min). They also examined the effectiveness of D 2 EHPA as an extractant in classical solvent extraction (SE) of neodymium ions and found that although SE efficiency was slightly higher (about 97% of recovered neodymium ions) than HFSLM separation, the membrane process was associated with the consumption of smaller amounts of chemical reagents (was more eco-friendly) and should be considered for industrial-scale development of REE recovery.…”

Section: Recovery Of Rees With the Use Of Supported Liquid Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions—A Mini Review

Kaczorowska

2023

Membranes

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The systematic increase in the use of rare earth elements (REEs) in various technologically advanced products around the world (e.g., in electronic devices), the growing amount of waste generated by the use of high-tech materials, and the limited resources of naturally occurring REE ores resulted in an intensive search for effective and environmentally safe methods for recovering these elements. Among these methods, techniques based on the application of various types of liquid membranes (LMs) play an important role, primarily due to their high efficiency, the simplicity of membrane formation and use, the utilization of only small amounts of environmentally hazardous reagents, and the possibility of simultaneous extraction and back-extraction and reusing the membranes after regeneration. However, because both primary and secondary sources (e.g., waste) of REEs are usually complex and contain a wide variety of components, and the selectivity and efficiency of LMs depend on many factors (e.g., the composition and form of the membrane, nature of the recovered ions, composition of the feed and stripping phases, etc.), new membranes are being developed that are “tailored” to the properties of the recovered rare earth elements and to the character of the solution in which they occur. This review describes the latest achievements (since 2019) related to the recovery of a range of REEs with the use of various liquid membranes (supported liquid membranes (SLMs), emulsion liquid membranes (ELMs), and polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs)), with particular emphasis on methods that fall within the trend of eco-friendly solutions.

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Section: Recovery Of Rees With the Use Of Supported Liquid Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions—A Mini Review

Kaczorowska

2023

Membranes

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“…Considering the instable supply chain of REEs, such as Nd and Dy, which are core constituents of NdFeB magnets, recovering REEs from end-of-life magnets is an essential way to decrease the supply risk . Various metallurgical processes were carried out to separate and recover the REEs from the spent NdFeB magnets, including hydrometallurgy, − pyrometallurgy, − chlorinated metallurgy, , electrochemistry, − solvometallurgy, liquid metal extraction, and membrane separation. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Various metallurgical processes were carried out to separate and recover the REEs from the spent NdFeB magnets, including hydrometallurgy, 7−9 pyrometallurgy, 10−15 chlorinated metallurgy, 16,17 electrochemistry, 18−22 solvometallurgy, 23 liquid metal extraction, 24 and membrane separation. 25,26 Hydrometallurgical processes have distinct advantages in separation of REEs. They are easy to perform at room temperature and do not require complicated setups.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ZnCl₂: A Green Brønsted Acid for Selectively Recovering Rare Earth Elements from Spent NdFeB Permanent Magnets

Ding

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The spent neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB) magnet is a highly valuable secondary resource of rare earth elements (REEs). Hydrometallurgical processes are widely used in recovering REEs from spent NdFeB magnets, but they will consume large amounts of organic chemicals, leading to severe environmental pollution. This work developed an alternative green route to selectively recover REEs from spent NdFeB permanent magnets using a purely inorganic zinc salt. The Hammett acidity measurement showed that concentrated ZnCl2 solutions could be regarded as a strong Brønsted acid. Concentrated ZnCl2 solutions achieved a high separation factor (>1 × 105) between neodymium and iron through simple dissolution of their corresponding oxide mixture. In the simulated recovery process of spent NdFeB magnets, the Nd2O3 product was successfully recovered with a purity close to 100% after selective leaching by ZnCl2 solution, sulfate double-salt precipitation, and oxalic acid precipitation. The separation performance of the ZnCl2 solution for Nd2O3 and Fe2O3 remained almost unchanged after four cycles. The energy consumption and chemical inputs of this process are about 1/10 and half of the traditional hydrometallurgy process separately. This work provides a promising approach for the green recovery of secondary REE resources.

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Separation of Critical Metals Using Supported Liquid Membranes PTFE-Cyanex 272

Botelho Junior,

Miyashita,

Tenório

et al. 2024

The Minerals, Metals &Amp; Materials Series

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Recovery of Neodymium from Waste Permanent Magnets by Hydrometallurgy Using Hollow Fibre Supported Liquid Membranes

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions—A Mini Review

The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions—A Mini Review

ZnCl₂: A Green Brønsted Acid for Selectively Recovering Rare Earth Elements from Spent NdFeB Permanent Magnets

Separation of Critical Metals Using Supported Liquid Membranes PTFE-Cyanex 272

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Recovery of Neodymium from Waste Permanent Magnets by Hydrometallurgy Using Hollow Fibre Supported Liquid Membranes

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions—A Mini Review

The Latest Achievements of Liquid Membranes for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Aqueous Solutions—A Mini Review

ZnCl2: A Green Brønsted Acid for Selectively Recovering Rare Earth Elements from Spent NdFeB Permanent Magnets

Separation of Critical Metals Using Supported Liquid Membranes PTFE-Cyanex 272

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ZnCl₂: A Green Brønsted Acid for Selectively Recovering Rare Earth Elements from Spent NdFeB Permanent Magnets