Recovery of metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and red mud via a co-reduction process

Geng, Chao; Chen, Chao; Shi, Xianfeng; Wu, Shichao; Jia, Yuxia; Du, Bing; Liu, Jianguo

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.104600

Cited by 47 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In the past 11 years, researchers have been more motivated towards the valuable recovery of metal ions from red mud as resources. Although the primary use of red mud is based on the areas of construction sectors [ 4 , 5 , 16 , 17 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 43 , 45 , 73 , 74 , 75 ], the most valuable secondary concern still arises in the field of metal and mineral sectors. Researchers have focused on various metals present in major and minor quantities in red mud and of which significant amounts could be removed using various processes, such as sintering and carbothermal smelting processes using metallurgical routes [ 25 , 26 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mixing technology is a methodological way of approaching red mud as an alternative replacement of cement. Partially, red mud can be used in slag for the cementitious material that can be used effectively in building sectors [ 73 , 74 , 75 ]. Red mud is also considered to add a neutralization effect of the hydration properties of cement materials in the construction industry.…”

Section: Fields Of Application Of Red Mudmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of Red Mud as a Source for Metal Ions—A Review

Samal

2021

Materials

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An overview is presented on the prospective use of red mud as a resource in this review. Various scopes are suggested for the utilization of red mud to maintain a sustainable environment. The potential use of red mud covers the valuable metal recovery that could emphasize the use of red mud as a resource. Red mud could act as reduced slag in the metallurgical field for the extraction of minerals and metals for upscale application. Although many studies have revealed the potential utilization of red mud, most of them are only limited to a lab-scale basis. Therefore, a large-scale investigation on recycling of red mud for the extraction in the area of the metal recovery section will draw attention to the extensive use of red mud. Metal ions of major elements Fe (44 wt.%), Al (18.2 wt.%), Si (14.3 wt.%), Ti (9.3 wt.%), Na (6.2 wt.%), Ca (4.4 wt.%) as major elements and of Mg, V, Mn, Cr, K as minor elements and rare earth elements such as Ce (102 mg/kg), La (56 mg/kg), Sc (47 mg/kg), Nd (45 mg/kg), Sm (9 mg/kg). Moreover, an appropriate in-house metal recovery facility with the alumina industry will come out as a cost–benefit analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fields Of Application Of Red Mudmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Red Mud as a Source for Metal Ions—A Review

Samal

2021

Materials

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“…However, some “tuning” possibilities are applicable in both technologies. While in conventional vitrification compositional variations of the constituents may be compensated by adjusting the proportion between them, in EAF processing, the production of pig iron by carbothermal reduction is accompanied by the conditioning of slag properties through the addition of fluxes such as lime, quartz, or even other mineral wastes 17–19,36–38 . Other types of inorganic waste (i.e., fly ash) might be co‐reduced alongside red mud.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The process successfully manages to extract up to 90% of Fe and 98% of other heavy metals, especially Cd and Pb. The residual nonmetallic slag fraction consists mostly of CaO, Al 2 O 3, and SiO 2 and contains a substantially lower amount of pollutants, which is advantageous for its further reprocessing 19 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second vitrification approach, a glass was obtained through an “integrated process,” consisting of the electric arc furnace (EAF) treatment of a red mud‐richer mixture, undergoing carbothermal reduction, 17–19 and yielding a glassy slag as a by‐product of iron alloy extraction. As pointed out by Gomez et al, 11,20 a modern vitrification process is not encouraged commercially only by the transformation of waste‐derived glass; extra revenues may be derived from the extraction of combustible gas and/or metals from the same thermal waste treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New glass‐based binders from engineered mixtures of inorganic waste

Hujova

Monich

Kaňková

et al. 2021

Int J of Appl Glass Sci

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Aluminum is one of the most important strategic resources, but the Bayer process, typically applied for the purification of ores, leads to vast amounts of alkaline slurry waste, known as red mud. Though interesting for potential reprocessing, red mud is still predominantly stored in big slurry pools, due to high levels of toxic metals. Toxic ions can be easily immobilized by vitrification, but the high costs of this solution need to be balanced by the reuse of the obtained glass. The present paper is dedicated to the transformation of waste‐derived glass into new binders for the construction industry, according to both “conventional melting” and “smelting” approaches. In the first case, red mud was included in a mixture of waste, designed to yield a reactive glass (CMG), that is, forming stable gels after activation in an alkaline aqueous solution. In the second approach, red mud was subjected to a thermal treatment in a reductive atmosphere, implying the separation of molten iron alloy. The remaining glassy slag, according to its chemical composition (CaO and Al2O3‐rich) underwent gelation by simple interaction with pure water, without any alkaline activator, thus configuring a new “glass cement.”

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Separation of Iron and Rare Earths from Low‐Intensity Magnetic Separation (LIMS) Tailings through Magnetization Roasting‐Magnetic Separation

Hou,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2023

ChemistryOpen

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Low‐intensity magnetic separation tailings (LIMS tailings) are a common by‐product obtained after magnetite magnetic separation. In this article, various techniques such as chemical analysis, X‐ray diffraction, ICP‐MS, and Mineral Liberation Analysis (MLA) were employed to investigate the LIMS tailings. The primary iron‐bearing mineral identified was hematite and rare earth minerals were monazite and bastnaesite. The main gangue species was fluorite with small amounts of dolomite and amphibole. Due to the weak magnetism of hematite and rare earth minerals, magnetic separation has low efficiency. However, magnetization roasting‐magnetic separation is an effective method to recover hematite. The present study focuses on the separation of iron and rare earth from LIMS tailings through magnetization roasting‐magnetic separation. The results demonstrate that with a roasting temperature of 650 °C, a roasting time of 60 min, a slurry concentration solid‐liquid ratio of 25 : 1, a rough magnetic field intensity of 0.16 T, and a selected magnetic field intensity of 0.10 T, the iron grade in the magnetic concentrate increases to 65.49 % and an iron recovery rate of 65.16 % can be achieved. The XRD patterns of magnetic separation concentrate show that the main mineral phases in concentrate are magnetite (Fe3O4) and fluorite (CaF2), which can be removed by grinding and reverse flotation fluorite to obtain a high‐grade iron concentrate. The REO grade of magnetic separation tailings is 11.98 %, and its recovery rate is 97.96 %. Consequently, rare earth can be effectively extracted and separated after the subsequent flotation‐leaching process.

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Recovery of metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and red mud via a co-reduction process

Cited by 47 publications

References 35 publications

Utilization of Red Mud as a Source for Metal Ions—A Review

Utilization of Red Mud as a Source for Metal Ions—A Review

New glass‐based binders from engineered mixtures of inorganic waste

Separation of Iron and Rare Earths from Low‐Intensity Magnetic Separation (LIMS) Tailings through Magnetization Roasting‐Magnetic Separation

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