Recovery of Iron Values from Discarded Iron Ore Slimes

Sunil, Singh Rahulkumar; Rayapudi, Veeranjaneyulu; Dhawan, Nikhil

doi:10.1007/s42461-019-00119-2

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…As compared to conventional reduction roasting, microwaves accelerate the kinetics even with low-grade iron ores. Fe recovery up to 80%, from an iron grade of 57% iron, was seen with microwave roasting [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental Investigation of Different Fineness and Firing Temperatures on Pellets Properties of Different Iron Ore fines from Indian Mines

et al. 2022

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In India, during mining and ore processing, ore fine generation is a common phenomenon, in which more than 60% of process ore becomes discarded material. To explore the alternative of high-grade ores, mutual replacement with the utility of dump ore fines is the best way. With this perspective, Kiruburu iron ore mine (Iron Ore No.1) and Meghataburu iron ore mine (Iron Ore No.2) dumped fines were chosen for a Blaine no. investigation, in the connection of firing temperatures, to get optimum desirable physical properties, Cold Compression Strength (C.C.S.),and Apparent Porosity (A.P.), with physico-chemical properties, Reducibility Degradation Index (R.D.I.), and Reducibility Index (R.I.). To characterize pellet properties with input variables, a microstructure phase study has been conducted using a scanning electron microscope (S.E.M.), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The Iron Ore No.1 and 2 fine pellets survey showed good, desirable properties, at the Blaine no., of 1678 cm2/g and 2311 cm2/g (corresponding to 200 mesh size), and the best results are attained at a firing temperature of 1300 °C. Thermal kinetic analysis of the heating of pellets has been done to knowthe activation energy of different ore characteristics. The results showed that Iron Ore No.2 pellets have high activation energy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental Investigation of Different Fineness and Firing Temperatures on Pellets Properties of Different Iron Ore fines from Indian Mines

et al. 2022

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“…In Figure 5, the process for primary and secondary sources are explained with material flows (presented in the figure) in order to help us exactly understand the process that is followed for a given feed type. The unit operations considered for these feed sources are crushing, grinding, classification, conditioning, flotation, gravity separation, magnetic separation, dewatering, and tailing disposal [19,23,29,30]. Magnetic separation is sometimes essential for ores rich in high iron content, like Bayan Obo [22].…”

Section: Beneficiation Unitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the REEs Energy Footprint: Interlocking AI/ML with an Empirical Approach for Analysis of Energy Consumption in REEs Production

Pathapati,

Singh,

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et al. 2024

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Rare earth elements (REEs including Sc, Y) are critical minerals for developing sustainable energy sources. The gradual transition adopted in developed and developing countries to meet energy targets has propelled the need for REEs in addition to critical metals (CMs). The rise in demand which has propelled REEs into the spotlight is driven by the crucial role these REEs play in technologies that aim to reduce our carbon footprint in the atmosphere. Regarding decarbonized technologies in the energy sector, REEs are widely applied for use in NdFeB permanent magnets, which are crucial parts of wind turbines and motors of electric vehicles. The underlying motive behind exploring the energy and carbon footprint caused by REEs production is to provide a more complete context and rationale for REEs usage that is more holistic. Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) models with empirical approaches aids in flowsheet validation, and thus, it presents a vivid holistic picture. The energy needed for REEs production is linked with the source of REEs. The availability of REEs varies widely across the globe. REEs are either produced from ores with associated gangue or impurities. In contrast, in other scenarios, REEs can be produced from the waste of other mineral deposits or discarded REEs-based products. These variations in the source of feed materials, and the associated grade and mineral associations, vary the process flowsheet for each type of production. Thus, the ability to figure out energy outcomes from various scenarios, and a knowledge of energy requirements for the production and commercialization of multiple opportunities, is needed. However, this type of information concerning REEs production is not readily available as a standardized value for a particular material, according to its source and processing method. The related approach for deciding the energy and carbon footprint for different processing approaches and sources relies on the following three sub-processes: mining, beneficiation, and refining. Some sources require incorporating all three, whereas others need two or one, depending on resource availability. The available resources in the literature tend to focus on the life cycle assessment of REEs, using various sources, and they focus little on the energy footprint. For example, a few researchers have focused on the cumulative energy needed for REE production without making assessments of viability. Thus, this article aims to discuss the energy needs for each process, rather than on a specific flowsheet, to define process viability more effectively regarding energy need, availability, and the related carbon footprint.

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“…The study of magnetic properties using sample magnetometer vibration (VSM) described that an iron concentrate comprising 88.72% magnetic iron oxides with a maximum magnetic saturation of 41.393 emu/g is achievable by microwave treatment at a temperature of 200°C and a power of 600W with 5% alkaline lignin for a roasting time of 30 min. Sunil et al 26 explored the microwave reduction response of a sample of slime iron ore, containing 56.1% Fe using four different types of reducers, namely coconut shell, goat dung, cow dung and coal. Among them, coconut shell was considered promising, leading to an iron concentrate of 64.3% Fe with a total recovery of Fe of 97%.…”

Section: Degree Of Reduction Of the Mixtures As Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Use of Microwave Energy on The Reduction of Iron Ore and Steelmaking Mill Scale Composite Self-Reducing Mixtures

et al. 2022

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With the growing industrialization, there is a constant increase in the world demand for steel, causing an increase on extraction of low-grade iron ores, which bear high levels of impurities. A feasible alternative is the use of residues from steel rolling processes (steelmaking mill scale) generated in the steel industry, which are composed of iron oxides consisting mainly of wustite (FeO), hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) and magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ). In line with the recycling of wastes, the application of heating by microwave energy in ironmaking processes consists in a promising new method developed in recent decades and is considered a cleaner technique. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the self-reduction of mixtures composed of iron ore and steelmaking mill scale as iron source, together with coke fines as carbon source, heated using microwave energy. Through the rotational central composite design technique, it was possible to evaluate the best conditions for the use of steelmaking scale residue as well as the effect of the applied microwave energy power. The results indicated that the developed process has relevant utility with up to 41.48% of reduction obtained. The outcomes contribute to a better understanding of iron recovery from steelmaking residues in reduction processes using microwave energy for heating, providing significant insight for the development of new clean technologies.

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Recovery of Iron Values from Discarded Iron Ore Slimes

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

Experimental Investigation of Different Fineness and Firing Temperatures on Pellets Properties of Different Iron Ore fines from Indian Mines

Experimental Investigation of Different Fineness and Firing Temperatures on Pellets Properties of Different Iron Ore fines from Indian Mines

Exploring the REEs Energy Footprint: Interlocking AI/ML with an Empirical Approach for Analysis of Energy Consumption in REEs Production

Evaluation of the Use of Microwave Energy on The Reduction of Iron Ore and Steelmaking Mill Scale Composite Self-Reducing Mixtures

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