Recovery of indium from etching wastewater using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

Liu, Huiming; Wu, Chia-Chan; Lin, Yun-Hua; Chiang, Chien-Kai

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.098

Cited by 66 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…A produção de telas LCDs tem se expandido, aumentando, consequentemente, a demanda por índio. (Dodbiba et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2009). Índio (In) é um metal precioso de recursos relativamente limitados, sua extração se dá principalmente como subproduto de minérios de zinco, variando de 1 a 100 g/t, valor menor do que seu conteúdo em telas LCDs.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Extração De Índio a Partir De Telas De LCD De Telefones Celulares Através De Lixiviação Com Co2 Supercrítico

Mello¹,

Reis²,

Argenta³

et al. 2015

Anais Do Congresso Brasileiro De Engenharia Química Em Iniciação Científica - Cobeq IC 2015

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RESUMO -O crescimento de resíduos de equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos (REEE) tem ganhado importância mundial. Os telefones celulares ganham destaque entre os REEE pelo ciclo de vida curto e quantidade de materiais perigosos que possuem. Nas suas telas de LCD há uma mistura de óxido de estanho (10-20%) e índio (80-90%), denominada ITO. O índio (In) é um metal precioso de recursos relativamente limitados. Assim, o presente trabalho possui como objetivo a obtenção de um método eficaz para extração de In presente em telas LCDs de telefones celulares. Foram realizadas lixiviações com CO 2 supercrítico, utilizando ácido cítrico e peróxido de hidrogênio como cosolventes, variando temperatura, tempo de processo e pressão. A concentração de In extraída foi determinada por absorção atômica (AAS), sendo recuperado cerca de 85% do metal, a uma temperatura de 80°C e pressão de 150 bar. INTRODUÇÃOO rápido crescimento das inovações tecnológicas nos últimos anos vem mudando a maneira de trabalho, comunicação e interação da sociedade. Este crescimento tão rápido das inovações faz com que os EEE se tornem obsoletos em poucos anos ou até mesmo em meses (Araújo et al., 2012;Townsend et al., 2011). Atualmente, entre os resíduos sólidos, os REEE são os que mais crescem no mundo, sendo este crescimento até três vezes mais rápido quando comparado com outras correntes de resíduos (Herat et al., 2012).Os telefones celulares ganham destaque entre os REEE, já que no mundo atual são considerados indispensáveis devido à facilidade que proporcionam à vida cotidiana. Williams et al., 2011). Telefones celulares são constituídos basicamente por teclado, bateria, display de cristal líquido (LCD), placa de circuito impresso, antena e outros acessórios. Em sua composição podem ser encontrados cerca de 40 elementos químicos, dos quais, 20 são metais Silveira et al,. 2010).Nas telas de LCDs, por exemplo, há multicamadas de materiais, entre as quais uma mistura de óxido de estanho e índio (ITO), composta de 80-90% de óxido de índio (In 2 O 3 ) e 10-20% de óxido de estanho (SnO 2 ), que reveste uma das camadas de vidro. A produção de telas LCDs tem se expandido, aumentando, consequentemente, a demanda por índio. (Dodbiba et al., 2012;Liu et al., 2009).

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Section: Introductionunclassified

“…A produção de telas LCDs tem se expandido, aumentando, consequentemente, a demanda por índio. (Dodbiba et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2009). …”

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Extração De Índio a Partir De Telas De LCD De Telefones Celulares Através De Lixiviação Com Co2 Supercrítico

Mello¹,

Reis²,

Argenta³

et al. 2015

Anais Do Congresso Brasileiro De Engenharia Química Em Iniciação Científica - Cobeq IC 2015

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“…The other prospective waste resources of indium are the etching waste [1,8] and the LCD powder [6,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of indium from end-of-life liquid-crystal display panels using aminopolycarboxylate chelants with the aid of mechanochemical treatment

Hasegawa

Rahman

Egawa

et al. 2013

Microchemical Journal

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The metal indium termed as 'rare' in recent days due to its increasing demand in the formulations of electronic and energy-related gadgets and scarce supply resources. Hence, the attempts to recover indium from the secondary resources, such as recycling of the indium abundant waste materials, received increasing research focus. The major indium consumption happens in the form of indium tin oxide (ITO) that used for the fabrication of liquid-crystal displays (LCD). The end-of-life LCD screens, termed as ITO-glass hereafter, are an emerging contributor to the global e-waste load and can be an impending secondary source of indium.The present work introduces a new technique for the treatment of waste ITO-glass using aminopolycarboxylate chelants (APCs) in combination with a mechanochemical treatment process. APCs are capable of forming stable complexes with the indium deposited on the ITO-glass, whereas the rate of recovery was not substantial. The mechanochemical treatment induces the destruction of crystalline structure with which the ITO fragments are attached and facilitate the increased indium dissolution with the chelants. The increase was more prominent followed by a decrease in the cumulative processing time from 24 to 6 h when the vitrified ITO-glass was simultaneously crushed and washed with the chelants. The extraction of indium was better at the acidic pH condition, and it was further intensified when the operating temperature was raised to ≥ 120 °C. Keywords:Indium; Indium tin oxide; Liquid crystal display; Waste; Recovery; Mechanochemical treatment Microchemical Journal (In Press). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2012.08.010 3 IntroductionIndium has emerged as an important strategic element in electronic and energy-related industries due to its specific applications [1,2]. The most important end use of indium in recent years is to manufacture indium-tin oxide (ITO) thin film, an optoelectronic material with the characteristics of transparency to visible light, electric conduction and thermal reflection [2,3]. ITO thin film is widely used in designing liquid-crystal displays (LCD), plasma displays and solar-energy cell [3], and consume about two-third of the global indium production [4].Indium has no ore of its own and is generally found in low concentrations in some sulphide ores of zinc, copper and lead, from which it is procured as a by-product [5]. The technology revolution created an increasing demand for indium while the boom in its price is due to the policies of the nations with indium reserves (e.g. China, South Korea). Hence, the recovery of indium from the waste resources received sincere focus from the researches [4-6].The ITO-scrap resulted from the ITO ceramic target during the conversion and application of ITO thin films on glass panels using the DC magnetron sputtering process is the most potential secondary resource of indium [2,3,6,7]. The other prospective waste resources of indium are the etching waste [1,8] and the LCD powder [6,9].The end-of-life (EoL) LCDs are a gr...

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“…Consequently, other than the refinery production, the reclaim processing of indium from secondary materials also become important [1,2,4]. The ITO-scrap is the most potential secondary resource of indium that extensively studied for the recovery of indium [3][4][5][6], while the etching waste [7,8] and the LCD powder [4,9,10] are the other prospective waste resources of indium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides the environmental impact, an assuming possibility of indium-induced cytotoxicity and the risk for interstitial lung damage due to the emission of sparingly soluble indium compounds from the ITO manufacturing and recycling plant have been reported [8,13,14]. Although the reclamation of indium from LCD-waste using a safer and cleaner process is becoming an increasing concern in terms of the economics, environment or owing to the possibility of toxic exposure, a few research reports are available in the literature [4,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chelant-induced reclamation of indium from the spent liquid crystal display panels with the aid of microwave irradiation

Hasegawa¹,

Rahman²,

Egawa³

et al. 2013

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Recovery of indium from etching wastewater using supercritical carbon dioxide extraction

Cited by 66 publications

References 24 publications

Extração De Índio a Partir De Telas De LCD De Telefones Celulares Através De Lixiviação Com Co2 Supercrítico

Extração De Índio a Partir De Telas De LCD De Telefones Celulares Através De Lixiviação Com Co2 Supercrítico

Recovery of indium from end-of-life liquid-crystal display panels using aminopolycarboxylate chelants with the aid of mechanochemical treatment

Chelant-induced reclamation of indium from the spent liquid crystal display panels with the aid of microwave irradiation

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