“…The recovery rate varies depending on technologies, knowledge, and economic viabilities. In developing countries, the recovery yield of precious metals is very poor due to unskilled operations (Chatterjee and Kumar, 2009); in developed countries, more than 90%, but less than 100%, of recovery rates are achieved in silver, palladium, and gold (Park and Fray, 2009). However, recycling units in developed countries face shortages of collected quantities and thereby operations become economically non-viable (Chatterjee and Kumar, 2009).…”