Recovery of high-purity metallic cobalt from lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC)-type Li-ion battery

Wang, Wen-Yu; Yen, Clive H.; Lin, Jialiang; Xu, Ren-Bin

doi:10.1007/s10163-018-0790-x

Cited by 53 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our previous study work on recovering cobalt in a leachate (leaching with H 2 SO 4 and H 2 O 2 ) from LiNi 1/3 Mn 1/3 Co 1/3 O 2 (NMC 111) LIBs by electrolytic plating. However, even at the optimal operating conditions, the purity was only 62.2% [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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High-Performance Recovery of Cobalt and Nickel from the Cathode Materials of NMC Type Li-Ion Battery by Complexation-Assisted Solvent Extraction

Wang

Yang

2020

Minerals

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The annual global volume of waste lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been increasing over years. Although solvent extraction method seems well developed, the separation factor between cobalt and nickel is still relatively low—only 72 when applying conventional continuous-countercurrent extraction. In this study, we improved the separation factor of cobalt and nickel by complexation-assisted solvent extraction. Before solvent extraction procedure, leaching kinetic of Li, Ni, Co and Mn was studied and can be explained by the Avrami equation. Leached residues were also investigated by SEM and XRD. Operation parameters of complexation-assisted solvent extraction were examined, including volume ratio of extractant to diluent, types of diluent, type of complexing reagent, extractant saponification percentage and volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase. The optimal separation factor of complexation-assisted solvent extraction could be improved to 372, which is five times that of conventional solvent extraction. The separation tendency would be interpreted by the relationship between extraction equilibrium pH and log distribution coefficient.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Furthermore, purity of Co was 94% and can be improved subsequently by impurities scrubbing and cobalt stripping. Our previous study demonstrated that the purity of plating cobalt foil can reach 98.80% [37]-or even up to 99.96% with deep impurity removal before cobalt electrowinning.…”

Section: Continuous-countercurrent-extraction Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Performance Recovery of Cobalt and Nickel from the Cathode Materials of NMC Type Li-Ion Battery by Complexation-Assisted Solvent Extraction

Wang

Yang

2020

Minerals

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“…CoCO 3 purity obtained in this route was higher and reported as 47%. The research article by Peng et al [26] has presented a recovery process where Co in its metallic was the final recovery product with a purity of 98.8%. The recycled material from spent NMC-LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2 went through basic pre-treatment in the presence of NaOH to get rid of Al.…”

Section: Obtained Purity Degrees-researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Achieved Purities after Li-ion Batteries Hydrometallurgical Treatment and Impurities Effects on the Cathode Performance

Nasser

Petraniková

2021

Batteries

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This paper is a product purity study of recycled Li-ion batteries with a focus on hydrometallurgical recycling processes. Firstly, a brief description of the current recycling status was presented based on the research data. Moreover, this work presented the influence of impurities such as Cu, Fe and Mg on recovered cathode materials performance. The impact of the impurities was described depending on their form (metallic or ionic) and concentration. This work also reviewed hydrometallurgical recycling processes depending on the recovered material, obtained purity and recovery methods. This purity data were obtained from both research and battery industry actors. Finally, the purity study was completed by collecting data regarding commercial battery-grade chemical compounds and active lithium cathode materials, including required purity levels and allowed impurity limitations.

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“… Downstream hydrometallurgical processes for 3 LIBs: NMC 333; [53,55] LFP; [53] NCA [54] – Note: the process begins from powdered cathodic material.…”

Section: Perspectives/future Best Practices For Battery Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a More Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Battery Future: Recycling LIBs from Electric Vehicles

Chitre

Freake

Edge

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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With the number of electric vehicles (EVs) projected to increase 25‐fold by 2030, effective recycling processes need to be developed to conserve the critical raw materials (in particular, cobalt and lithium) used to make lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Industrial recycling of LIBs is underdeveloped due to two main reasons: i) complex and particularly variable cathodic chemistries; ii) physically different shapes and sizes of battery packs which are not designed for easy disassembly. Present processes use pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical recycling methods, with the latter being widely seen as the future in view of changing battery chemistries to lower cobalt contents. As such, this paper focuses on improvements, including sorting of batteries and using alternative water‐soluble binders, to enhance LIB material recovery from hydrometallurgical processes. This review promotes the adoption of a holistic design approach for LIBs that includes ease of end‐of‐life recyclability.

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Recovery of high-purity metallic cobalt from lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC)-type Li-ion battery

Cited by 53 publications

References 26 publications

High-Performance Recovery of Cobalt and Nickel from the Cathode Materials of NMC Type Li-Ion Battery by Complexation-Assisted Solvent Extraction

High-Performance Recovery of Cobalt and Nickel from the Cathode Materials of NMC Type Li-Ion Battery by Complexation-Assisted Solvent Extraction

Review of Achieved Purities after Li-ion Batteries Hydrometallurgical Treatment and Impurities Effects on the Cathode Performance

Towards a More Sustainable Lithium‐Ion Battery Future: Recycling LIBs from Electric Vehicles

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