Recovery of hemoglobin mass after blood donation

Pottgießer, Torben; Specker, Wolfgang; Umhau, Markus; Dickhuth, Hans-Hermann; Röecker, Kai; Schumacher, Yorck Olaf

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01719.x

Cited by 65 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…98 The loss of Hb mass of approximately 75 g (measured by CO rebreathing) after donation of 550 mL blood has been shown to be recovered after a mean of 36 days. 99 After the retransfusion of one RBC unit Hb mass acutely increased by 51 g, showing a continuous decrease from week 2 until week 8, albeit Hb mass was still elevated compared with pre-reinfusion values. 100 Based on the results of a retrospective longitudinal blinded study, the same group of investigators has reported that the use of an adaptive model incorporating hematologic measures ([Hb], reticulocyte percentage, OFF-score) allows for detection of autologous blood transfusion.…”

Section: Rbc Parameters Associated With Autologous Retransfusionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Blood doping and its detection

Jelkmann

Lundby

2011

Blood

127

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Hemoglobin mass is a key factor for maximal exercise capacity. Some athletes apply prohibited techniques and substances with intent to increase hemoglobin mass and physical performance, and this is often difficult to prove directly. Autologous red blood cell transfusion cannot be traced on reinfusion, and also recombinant erythropoietic proteins are detectable only within a certain timeframe. Novel erythropoietic substances, such as mimetics of erythropoietin (Epo) and activators of the Epo gene, may soon enter the sports scene. In addition, Epo gene transfer maneuvers are imaginable. Effective since December 2009, the World Anti-Doping Agency has therefore implemented “Athlete Biologic Passport Operating Guidelines,” which are based on the monitoring of several parameters for mature red blood cells and reticulocytes. Blood doping may be assumed, when these parameters change in a nonphysiologic way. Hematologists should be familiar with blood doping practices as they may play an important role in evaluating blood profiles of athletes with respect to manipulations, as contrasted with the established diagnosis of clinical disorders and genetic variations.

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Section: Rbc Parameters Associated With Autologous Retransfusionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Blood doping and its detection

Jelkmann

Lundby

2011

Blood

127

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“…Indeed, several studies show that ferritin levels drop by about 50% after blood donation and that this effect worsens with frequent donation [30,31]. It has also been observed that a 4-month interval between donations is not sufficient to restore ferritin levels [31,32]. Thus, it is unlikely that the ferritin levels of the volunteers would have returned to baseline by the time the transfusion phase started (5 weeks after the blood donation).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Hepcidin as a new biomarker for detecting autologous blood transfusion

et al. 2016

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Autologous blood transfusion (ABT) is an efficient way to increase sport performance. It is also the most challenging doping method to detect. At present, individual follow-up of haematological variables via the athlete biological passport (ABP) is used to detect it. Quantification of a novel hepatic peptide called hepcidin may be a new alternative to detect ABT. In this prospective clinical trial, healthy subjects received a saline injection for the control phase, after which they donated blood that was stored and then transfused 36 days later. The impact of ABT on hepcidin as well as haematological parameters, iron metabolism, and inflammation markers was investigated. Blood transfusion had a particularly marked effect on hepcidin concentrations compared to the other biomarkers, which included haematological variables. Hepcidin concentrations increased significantly: 12 hr and 1 day after blood reinfusion, these concentrations rose by seven-and fourfold, respectively. No significant change was observed in the control phase. Hepcidin quantification is a cost-effective strategy that could be used in an "ironomics" strategy to improve the detection of ABT.

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“…The body will restore total blood volume within 3 days after donation, initially through plasma expansion, which occurs within the first week after donation (17). Plasma recovery occurs much faster than restoration of red cell volume after blood loss (17). The initial plasma volume expansion will result in an isovolumic anemia whereby RBC concentration is diluted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Decreased blood volume accompanied by decreased red cell volume may result from surgery, through donation, or because of injury (18). The body will restore total blood volume within 3 days after donation, initially through plasma expansion, which occurs within the first week after donation (17). Plasma recovery occurs much faster than restoration of red cell volume after blood loss (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time Course for Recovery of Peak Aerobic Power After Blood Donation

Judd

Cornish²,

Barss³

et al. 2011

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Peak aerobic power (VO2peak) is decreased after blood donation, but the time course for full recovery is unknown. We measured VO2peak and exercise time to fatigue before and weekly for 4 weeks after 450-ml blood donation at a blood donor clinic, to determine the time course of recovery. Twelve moderately active individuals (2 women, 10 men; 24.3 ± 5.2 years) of average aerobic fitness (based on their VO2peak relative to normative values) completed VO2peak exercise tests before donation, the day after donation, and at weekly intervals for 4 weeks after donation. VO2peak was determined by an incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer. At baseline, mean absolute and relative VO2peak values were 4.06 ± 0.92 L·min(-1) and 46.6 ± 7.0 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1), respectively. VO2peak was significantly decreased on day 1 (3.85 ± 0.89 L·min(-1); 44.0 ± 6.5 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) and during week 2 (3.91 ± 0.97 L·min(-1); 44.5 ± 7.2 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) after blood donation (p < 0.05), and recovered at week 3 after donation. Time to fatigue and peak heart rate were not significantly affected by blood donation. We conclude that blood donation causes a significant decrease in VO2peak for between 2 and 3 weeks. The practical application of this study is that aerobic power in people of average fitness will be decreased, up to 3 weeks after donating blood. Despite this, there is no effect of blood donation on performance as measured by time to fatigue during an incremental test on a cycle ergometer.

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Recovery of hemoglobin mass after blood donation

Abstract: The results of this study confirm the minimal, recommended donation intervals (56 days for men) as adequate when, for the first time, judged upon by tHb as a direct marker of hematologic recovery.

Cited by 65 publications

References 24 publications

Blood doping and its detection

Blood doping and its detection

Hepcidin as a new biomarker for detecting autologous blood transfusion

Time Course for Recovery of Peak Aerobic Power After Blood Donation

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