Recovery of handwritten text from the diaries and papers of David Livingstone

Knox, Kerry L.; Easton, Roger L.; Christens-Barry, William A.; Boydston, Kenneth

doi:10.1117/12.877135

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…Better definition of the flow pattern after 15 min is obtained when, as suggested by Knox et al [8], the first image is inverted and then added to the last frame of the time-lapse movie (Figure 5). There appears to be phase mixing at the bottom of the gauze pad (green color) and in regions between the yellow and blue contours (green color).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscous Fingering of Miscible Liquids in Porous and Swellable Media for Rapid Diagnostic Tests

et al. 2018

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In lateral flow and colorimetric test strip diagnostics, the effects of capillary action and diffusion on speed and sensitivity have been well studied. However, another form of fluid motion can be generated due to stresses and instabilities generated in pores when two miscible liquids with different densities and viscosities come into contact. This study explored how a swellable test pad can be deployed for measuring urea in saliva by partially prefilling the pad with a miscible solution of greater viscosity and density. The resultant Korteweg stresses and viscous fingering patterns were analyzed using solutions with added food color through video analysis and image processing. Image analysis was simplified using the saturation channel after converting RGB image sequences to HSB. The kinetics of liquid mixing agreed with capillary displacement results for miscible liquids undergoing movement from Korteweg stresses. After capillary filling, there was significant movement of liquid due to these fluidic effects, which led to mixing of the saliva sample with an enzyme test solution. Owing to the simplicity and speed of this test method, urea can be analyzed with an electronic nose over a useful range for detecting salivary urea concentration for rapid and early detection of dehydration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viscous Fingering of Miscible Liquids in Porous and Swellable Media for Rapid Diagnostic Tests

et al. 2018

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“…Previous research in cultural heritage imaging has focused on the extraction of faded text using multispectral reflectance, fluoresence, and transmission imaging. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Over several years, Easton and his collaborators have used a Megavision Imaging System to collect and generate multispectral images of artifacts and then used several image processing techniques to enhance the images. Methods used were principal component analysis, independent component analysis, unsupervised/supervised classification, spectral pseudoinverse calculation, deterministic renderings in pseudo-color, and spectral un-mixing to recover faded writings from historical manuscripts, such as the Archimedes Palimpsest and Herculaneum Papyri.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods used were principal component analysis, independent component analysis, unsupervised/supervised classification, spectral pseudoinverse calculation, deterministic renderings in pseudo-color, and spectral un-mixing to recover faded writings from historical manuscripts, such as the Archimedes Palimpsest and Herculaneum Papyri. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] For pigment analysis in cultural heritage, Comelli et al…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperspectral analysis of cultural heritage artifacts: pigment material diversity in the Gough Map of Britain

2017

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The Gough Map, one of the earliest surviving maps of Britain, was created and extensively revised over the 13th and 14th centuries. In 2015, map was imaged using a hyperspectral imaging system while in the collection at the Bodleian Library, Oxford University. The goal of the collection of the hyperspectral image (HSI) of the Gough Map was to address questions such as enhancement of faded text for reading and analysis of the pigments used during its creation and revision. In particular, pigment analysis of the Gough Map may help historians understand the material diversity of its composition and potentially the timeline of, and methods used in, the creation and revision of the map. Multiple analysis methods are presented to analyze a particular pigment in the Gough Map with an emphasis on understanding the within-material diversity, i.e., the number and spatial layout of distinct red pigments. One approach to understanding the number of distinct materials in a scene (i.e., endmember selection and dimensionality estimation) is the Gram Matrix approach. Here, this method is used to study the within-material differences of pigments in the map with common visual color. The application is a pigment analysis tool that extracts visually common pixels (here the red pigments) from the Gough Map and estimates the within material diversity of the pixels. Results show that the Gough Map is composed of at least 5 kinds of dominant red pigments with a particular spatial pattern. This research provides a useful tool for historical geographers and cartographic historians to analyze the material diversity of hyperspectral images of cultural heritage artifacts.

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“…For faded text analysis in cultural heritage, previous research has used multispectral reflectance, fluoresence, and transmission imaging [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] to enhance faded text for reading. For example, Easton and his collaborators used a Megavision Imaging System to collect and generate multispectral images of artifacts and then used several image processing techniques to enhance the images.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methods included unsupervised/supervised classification, principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), spectral pseudoinverse calculation, deterministic renderings in pseudo-color, and spectral un-mixing to enhance faded texts from historical manuscripts, such as the Herculaneum Papyri and Archimedes Palimpsest. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] For pigment analysis, Zhao (2008) 13 developed algorithms for image segmentation and pigment mapping for multispectral images of the artistic paintings, such as "Starry Night". 13 Her methods consist of a spectral reconstruction algorithm based on Wyszecki's hypothesis and a pigment mapping algorithm based on Kubelka-Munk turbid media theory that can predict spectral reflectance for a specimen from the optical properties of its constituent pigments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pigment analysis tool for hyperspectral images of cultural heritage artifacts

Bai

Messinger

Howell

2017

Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XXIII

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The Gough Map, in the collection at the Bodleian Library, Oxford University, is one of the earliest surviving maps of Britain. Previous research deemed that it was likely created over the 15th century and afterwards it was extensively revised more than once. In 2015, the Gough Map was imaged using a hyperspectral imaging system at the Bodleian Library. The collection of the hyperspectral image (HSI) data was aimed at faded text enhancement for reading and pigment analysis for the material diversity of its composition and potentially the timeline of its creation. In this research, we introduce several methods to analyze the green pigments in the Gough Map, especially the number and spatial distribution of distinct green pigments. One approach, called the Gram Matrix, has been used to estimate the material diversity in a scene (i.e., endmember selection and dimensionality estimation). Here, we use the Gram Matrix technique to study the within-material differences of pigments in the Gough map with common visual color. We develop a pigment analysis tool that extracts visually common pixels, green pigments in this case, from the Gough Map and estimates its material diversity. It reveals that the Gough Map consists of at least six kinds of dominant green pigments. Both historical geographers and cartographic historians will benefit from this work to analyze the pigment diversity using HSI of cultural heritage artifacts.

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Recovery of handwritten text from the diaries and papers of David Livingstone

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Viscous Fingering of Miscible Liquids in Porous and Swellable Media for Rapid Diagnostic Tests

Viscous Fingering of Miscible Liquids in Porous and Swellable Media for Rapid Diagnostic Tests

Hyperspectral analysis of cultural heritage artifacts: pigment material diversity in the Gough Map of Britain

A pigment analysis tool for hyperspectral images of cultural heritage artifacts

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