Recovery of gallium and vanadium from gasification fly ash

Font, Oriol; Querol, Xavier; Juan, Roberto; Casado, Raquel; Ruiz, Carolina Castillo; López-Soler, A.; Coca, P.; Peña, Francisco García

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.041

Cited by 129 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Leaching via acidic and alkaline treatments, followed by a subsequent step of metal recovery from leachates involving either solvent extraction, selective precipitation, or solid-phase separation (Tsuboi et al 1991, Vitolo et al 2000, Font et al 2007, Navarro et al 2007, Yang et al 2010, and vapor phase extraction (Murase et al 1998) is attempted to reclaim rare metals from the waste ashes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The elemental characterization of the incinerator ashes representing unalike resources indicates the presence of a considerable proportion of rare metals (e.g., Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Dy, Yb, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, Ag, Bi, Ga, Ge, Pd, In, Sb, Sn, Te, and Tl) other than the toxic base metals (Zhang et al 2001, Jung et al 2004, Jung & Osako 2009). The coal fly ash produced during the coal processing has also been characterized with the enriched presence of several valuable elements, such as Ge, Ni, Ga, and V (Font et al 2005(Font et al , 2007. Leaching via acidic and alkaline treatments, followed by a subsequent step of metal recovery from leachates involving either solvent extraction, selective precipitation, or solid-phase separation (Tsuboi et al 1991, Vitolo et al 2000, Font et al 2007, Navarro et al 2007, Yang et al 2010, and vapor phase extraction (Murase et al 1998) is attempted to reclaim rare metals from the waste ashes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery of the Rare Metals from Various Waste Ashes with the Aid of Temperature and Ultrasound Irradiation Using Chelants

Hasegawa

Rahman

Egawa

et al. 2014

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The incineration fly ash (IFA), molten fly ash (MFA), thermal power plant fly ash (TPP-FA), and nonferrous metal processing plant ash (MMA) have been screened in terms of the following rare-termed metal contents: B, Ce, Co, Dy, Eu, Ga, Gd, Hf, In, Li, Lu, Mn, Nb, Nd, Ni, Pr, Rb, Sb, Se, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Te, Ti, Tm, V, W, Y, and Yb. The pseudo-potential for recycling of the waste ashes, as compared to the cumulative concentration in the crust (mg kg -1 ), was determined as follows: MMA > IFA > MFA > TPP-FA. The comparison with the crude ore contents indicates that the MMA is the best resource for reprocessing. The recovery of the target metals using aminopolycarboxylate chelants (APCs) has been attempted at varying experimental conditions and ultrasound-induced environment. A better APC-induced extraction yield can be achieved at 0.10 mol L -1 concentration of chelant, or if the system temperature was maintained between 60 to 80 °C. Nevertheless, the mechanochemical reaction induced by the ultrasound irradiation has been, so far, the better option for rare metal dissolution with chelants as it can be conducted at a minimum chelant concentration (0.01 mol L -1 ) and at room temperature (25±0.5 °C).Keywords: Rare metals; Recovery; Fly ash; Solid waste; Aminopolycarboxylate chelant; Ultrasound irradiation 2Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 225(9): 2112 The original publication is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-2112-9 IntroductionThe consumption rates of the metals are continually increasing due to the diversification in applications. On the contrary, the supply of metals becomes more and more limited because the resources are nonrenewable (Guinée et al. 1999). The natural deposits of some metals, which have been increasingly consumed as a key material in clean energy applications or in designing alluring daily life gadgets, are unevenly distributed in the world and have an unsteady supply chain or fluctuating market price according to the policy of the resource country (Dodson et al. 2012, Massari & Ruberti 2013. The terminology, rare metal, is thus introduced to interpret such metals, which is not an academically defined one, and there is no consensus on which element it pertains (AIST Rare Metal Task Force 2008, Kooroshy et al. 2010). For example, in Japan, 31 ores, including the rare earth elements as a group, have been designated as rare metals in terms of the concern in securing a stable supply of resources (Kawamoto 2008). Consequently, other than the refinery production, the reclaim processing of rare metals from secondary resources, such as process discards from the rare metal-consuming manufacturing schemes (Hsieh et al. 2009, Liu et al. 2009, Kang et al. 2011, Li et al. 2011, Park 2011, Virolainen et al. 2011, Hasegawa et al. 2013b or end-oflife electronic products (Shimizu et al. 2005, Cui & Zhang 2008, Rabah 2008, Bertuol et al. 2009, Binnemans et al. 2013, Hasegawa et al. 2013c, Hasegawa et al. 2013a, received sincere focus from the researchers.Municipal solid waste (MSW) manageme...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of the Rare Metals from Various Waste Ashes with the Aid of Temperature and Ultrasound Irradiation Using Chelants

Hasegawa

Rahman

Egawa

et al. 2014

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…Gallium in fly ash occurs in the oxide and sulphide form in the oxidation state of +3 as substitutes for Al 3+ [40,41]. These forms are prone to acid and alkalis attack and the acid and or alkalis leach can provide the better recovery method [36][37][38][39].…”

Section: Extraction From Coal Fly Ash In Energy Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Growing Global Demand for Element Gallium: Electrical and Electronic Waste and Coal Fly Ash as Alternative Sources for its Sustainable Supply

2017

IJSR

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Gallium (Ga) is listed among the critical elements because of its high demand, low crustal concentration and dispersed occurrence. Growth in demand for this element is a response to proliferation in production of electronic devices and a global effort to decarbonised power production. This situation calls for exploitation of alternative sources such as fly ash and recycling processes from finished products. Wide implementation of these options is yet to be witnessed or still in their infancy with only a few facilities worldwide. This is attributable to low material intensity per unit product and the fact that this kind of waste has not accumulated high enough to attract recycling for instance. Most gallium bearing devices though have other critical, precious and or non-precious elements that co-exist with it. These co-existing elements are relatively high in concentrations and some of them are already being recycled from the same end-of-life products. Therefore an option that involves co-recovery of gallium together with other co-existing elements which are already being recycled and extraction from other sources such as fly ash is to be a viable pursuit in sustaining gallium supply. Viability stems on the similarities of gallium concentration in those sources, recovery methods and conditions used in recycling of gallium. More research however, to explore potential combinations of co-existing metals to be co-extracted with and methods to be employed is vital.

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“…Where D is the reactor diameter, bw is the baffle width (150 mm), bc is the separation of the baffles from the reactor wall (23 mm), and ba is the height to which the deflectors are placed over the reactor bottom (75 mm). Four stainless steel AISI 316 baffles have been distributed along the perimeter of the tank (cross form), and bw = 150 mm, bc = 23 mm and ba = 75 mm were calculated using Equations (6) and (7).…”

Section: Leaching Equipmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this plant, a 50:50 local coal/pet-coke blend is gasified with 2%-4% w/w of limestone (fluxing agent), in a pressurized entrained flow gasifier, at 1600 °C and 25 bars. The Puertollano coal is a high volatile bituminous coal, rich in a number of metals [6], while pet-coke, supplied by an oil refinery is generally a C-rich material with high concentrations of S, V and Ni [7]. The high slag/FA ratio (90:10 or 85:15) produced in the Puertollano IGCC plant is the opposite with respect to that of conventional pulverized coal combustion plants (20:80).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demonstration Plant Equipment Design and Scale-Up from Pilot Plant of a Leaching and Solvent Extraction Process

2015

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Germanium recovery from coal fly ash by hydrometallurgical procedures was studied at the pilot scale (5 kg of fly ash/h). Results were used to design the equipment of a demonstration-sized plant (200 kg of fly ash/h). The process is based on hydrometallurgical operations: firstly a germanium extraction from fly ash by leaching and a consequent Ge separation from the other elements present in the solution by solvent extraction procedures. Based on the experimental results, mass balances and McCabe-Thiele diagrams were applied to determine the number of steps of the solvent extraction stage. Different arrangements have been studied and a countercurrent process with three steps in extraction and six steps in elution was defined. A residence time of 5 min was fixed in both the extraction and elution stages. Volumetric ratios in extraction and stripping were: aqueous phase/organic phase = 5 and organic phase/stripping phase = 5, so a concentration factor of 25 is achieved. Mixers and decanters were completely defined. The maximum extracted and eluted germanium was estimated and a global efficiency of 94% was achieved. The cost-effectiveness of the equipment was estimated using the Lang factors.

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Recovery of gallium and vanadium from gasification fly ash

Cited by 129 publications

References 13 publications

Recovery of the Rare Metals from Various Waste Ashes with the Aid of Temperature and Ultrasound Irradiation Using Chelants

Recovery of the Rare Metals from Various Waste Ashes with the Aid of Temperature and Ultrasound Irradiation Using Chelants

The Growing Global Demand for Element Gallium: Electrical and Electronic Waste and Coal Fly Ash as Alternative Sources for its Sustainable Supply

Demonstration Plant Equipment Design and Scale-Up from Pilot Plant of a Leaching and Solvent Extraction Process

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