“…and anions (such as tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, dicyanamide, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)-imide, etc.). The physicochemical properties of ILs can be tailored for specific applications by varying the cation–anion selection, the chain length, or other functional groups of the cation/anion. − Ionic liquids are widely applied in chemical synthesis and catalysis, − biomass engineering, , biotechnology, − carbon dioxide capture, , and energy storage and conversion devices, ,− owing to their unique properties, such as high ionic conductivity, wide electrochemical stability window (ESW), low flammability, etc.…”