Recovery of carbon rich material:-Recycling of spent pot lining: A review

Agrawal, Arpit; Kumar, Chandan; Meshram, Arunabh

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.143

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…After phase fitting, these diffraction peaks are consistent with the standard card corresponding to Graphite-2h (PDF no. 41-1487), and there are no other diffraction peaks, which indicates that the impurities (Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , CaF 2 , Na 3 AlF 6 , Na 5 Al 3 F 14 , and NaF) in the SCC after hydrothermal treatment with hydrochloric acid are basically removed. In order to characterize the graphitization degree of the SCC material, Raman characterization was performed on the SCC, and the results are shown in Figure b.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this method removes impurities and recovers some products, its utilization rate is low and cannot realize highvalue utilization. 29 Yang et al achieved an impurity removal effect by calcining the SCC at 1600 °C and used it as the anode material of a lithium-ion battery. It still retained 79% of the reversible discharge specific capacity after 500 cycles at a current density of 372 mA g −1 , showing an excellent reversible discharge specific capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After extraction, the carbon rich materials with an 82.7% carbon content will be used as additives or fuels in other industries. Although this method removes impurities and recovers some products, its utilization rate is low and cannot realize high-value utilization . Yang et al achieved an impurity removal effect by calcining the SCC at 1600 °C and used it as the anode material of a lithium-ion battery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spent Carbon Cathode Used as a Cathode Material for High-Performance Dual-Ion Batteries: High-Value Utilization

Huang

Meng

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Aluminum electrolysis spent cathode carbon (SCC) is one of the high-risk solid waste products in the aluminum electrolysis industry. Generally, harmless storage treatment is used, which fails to achieve high-value utilization. In this study, HCl was used to purify SCC. The purified material showed a richedge structure, expanded layer spacing, and good graphitization. Using SCC as a DIB cathode material and LiTFSI/EC+DMC as an electrolyte, the best electrolyte concentration (6 M) was determined by comparing the electrochemical performance of different-concentration electrolyte systems. Under the 6 M LiTFSI electrolyte system and the voltage window of 3.0−5.1 V, the battery has a high reversible specific capacity of 66.4 mAh g −1 at a current intensity of 400 mA g −1 and has excellent long cycle stability. After 350 cycles, the capacity retention of the battery is 104.52%, and the discharge medium voltage can be stable at 4.3 V. The high discharge medium voltage enables the battery to meet the needs of high-voltage equipment. Meanwhile, the rich-edge structure and the large layer of SCC spacing can explain the good rate performance of the battery. In addition, the cathode of SCC under different charge and discharge voltages was characterized by X-ray diffraction, which explained in depth the reversible intercalation/ deintercalation process of TFSI − . Finally, the full battery composed of the SCC cathode and the metal aluminum anode also showed good energy density (145.9 Wh kg −1 ) and power density (1980 W kg −1 ). The good electrochemical performance shows the feasibility of SCC as a DIB cathode material and realizes the purpose of harmless and high-value utilization of SCC.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spent Carbon Cathode Used as a Cathode Material for High-Performance Dual-Ion Batteries: High-Value Utilization

Huang

Meng

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…It is also being used as a fuel in the Australian cement industry. 12,13 SPL is known to contain cyanide complexes, 22 and its usage during cement production reduces NO x emission. 24 NO x reduction is thought to occur by the reaction of the cyanide content of SPL with NO x to get N 2 and CO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kaddatz and co-workers studied the effects of using industrial lubricants, used tires, and SPL as alternative fuels and found SPL usage to reduce the overall fuel demand by 15%. It is also being used as a fuel in the Australian cement industry. , SPL is known to contain cyanide complexes, and its usage during cement production reduces NO x emission . NO x reduction is thought to occur by the reaction of the cyanide content of SPL with NO x to get N 2 and CO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NO_x Reduction in a Cement Kiln with Spent Pot Lining: A Reaction Kinetics Study on HCN–NO and HNC–NO Interactions

Padole,

Raj

2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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NO x emission from cement kilns is generally high due to the presence of fuel-bound nitrogen in the fuel (coal) and high temperatures in the combustion zone. To reduce the reliance on coal, spent pot lining (SPL, a carbon-rich waste from aluminum production plants) is cofired with coal in cement kilns. An unexpected advantage of this cofiring is the reduced NO x emission from the kiln, which is thought to occur due to the high cyanide content of SPL that may initiate NO x reduction reactions. This study focuses on investigating the potential of HCN that is released from SPL and its tautomer, HNC, to reduce NO to N2 under cement kiln conditions. A detailed reaction mechanism for the possible reactions of HCN and HNC with NO to form a variety of products (N2, HCO, HO2, HNN, O2, CO, N2O, and OH) through different pathways is developed. The reaction energetics are found using CBS-QB3 and B3LYP levels of theory, and the reaction kinetics are calculated using the transition state theory and RRKM. Through reaction pathway analyses and reactor simulation, the major products of the HCN–NO interaction and the most preferred pathways for reactant consumption and product formation are identified, which indicate N2 and HCO to be the major products of their reactions.

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Resource utilization of emulsion evaporation modified aluminum industrial refractory waste in the preparation of composite modified asphalt

Fan,

Tu,

Muhammad

et al. 2024

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Aluminum industrial refractory waste pose a huge risk to the environment, and hence a safe resource utilization is mandatory to build a green industrial construction industry. Herein, a thermoplastic polyester elastomers‐spent refractory material (TPEE‐SRM) modifier having a two‐layer structure of “protective layer‐functional layer” was developed. Scanning electron microscopy and surface area analysis revealed that Eps used in the protective layer formed a dense film layer (50% decrease in specific surface) with a 97.7% sequestration of fluoride. As the reaction occurred in an organic solution, fluoride posed no risk to the environment. TPEE functional layer itself melted and dissolved with asphalt under high‐temperature conditions, and hence it established a strong interfacial interaction with asphalt. This led to an increase of 99.73% in the complex modulus (G*) and 41.75% in the rutting‐resistance performance (Jnr) of the TPEE‐SRM composite modified asphalt than that of the pristine styrene‐butadiene‐styrene (SBS) modified asphalt. The performance of the TPEE‐SRM/SBS composite modified asphalt after 10 years of use was also evaluated by conducting high pressure aging simulation tests. The linear amplitude scanning test results showed a 27.1‐fold increase in Nf 5.0%. Owing to the efficient and green modification method, the newly designed TPEE‐SRM modifier poses great application prospects and feasibility for designing advanced functional modified asphalt for construction and highway industries alongside a suitable disposal aspect for SRM.

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Recovery of carbon rich material:-Recycling of spent pot lining: A review

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Spent Carbon Cathode Used as a Cathode Material for High-Performance Dual-Ion Batteries: High-Value Utilization

Spent Carbon Cathode Used as a Cathode Material for High-Performance Dual-Ion Batteries: High-Value Utilization

NO_x Reduction in a Cement Kiln with Spent Pot Lining: A Reaction Kinetics Study on HCN–NO and HNC–NO Interactions

Resource utilization of emulsion evaporation modified aluminum industrial refractory waste in the preparation of composite modified asphalt

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Recovery of carbon rich material:-Recycling of spent pot lining: A review

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Spent Carbon Cathode Used as a Cathode Material for High-Performance Dual-Ion Batteries: High-Value Utilization

Spent Carbon Cathode Used as a Cathode Material for High-Performance Dual-Ion Batteries: High-Value Utilization

NOx Reduction in a Cement Kiln with Spent Pot Lining: A Reaction Kinetics Study on HCN–NO and HNC–NO Interactions

Resource utilization of emulsion evaporation modified aluminum industrial refractory waste in the preparation of composite modified asphalt

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NO_x Reduction in a Cement Kiln with Spent Pot Lining: A Reaction Kinetics Study on HCN–NO and HNC–NO Interactions