Recovery of Bio-Oil from Industrial Food Waste by Liquefied Dimethyl Ether for Biodiesel Production

Abstract

Abstract:The development of new energy sources has become particularly important from the perspective of energy security and environmental protection. Therefore, the utilization of waste resources such as industrial food wastes (IFWs) in energy production is expected. The central research institute of electric power industry (CRIEPI, Tokyo, Japan) has recently developed an energy-saving oil-extraction technique involving the use of liquefied dimethyl ether (DME), which is an environmentally friendly solvent. In this study, three common IFWs (spent coffee grounds, soybean, and rapeseed cakes) were evaluated with respect to oil yield for biodiesel fuel (BDF) production by the DME extraction method. The coffee grounds were found to contain 16.8% bio-oil, whereas the soybean and rapeseed cakes contained only approximately 0.97% and 2.6% bio-oil, respectively. The recovered oils were qualitatively analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The properties of fatty acid methyl esters derived from coffee oil, such as kinematic viscosity, pour point, and higher heating value (HHV), were also determined. Coffee grounds had the highest oil content and could be used as biofuel. In addition, the robust oil extraction capability of DME indicates that it may be a favourable alternative to conventional oil extraction solvents.

Biodiesel Production from a Novel Nonedible Feedstock, Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Seed Oil

“…Furthermore, the use of edible feedstock for fuel purpose may cause adverse effects on food supply [9][10][11]; therefore, alternative feedstocks must be identified for biodiesel synthesis. Numerous cheap and nonedible feedstocks, including microalgae oil [12][13][14], Jatropha oil [15,16], waste cooking oil [17][18][19], insect fat [20][21][22], Chinese tallow tree seed oil [23], tobacco seed oil [24], sweet basil seed oil [25], Brucea javanica seed oil [26], spent coffee grounds [27], and food waste [28] have been investigated as vital feedstocks for biodiesel synthesis. Two-step transesterification (acid-catalyzed esterification followed by alkali-catalyzed transesterification) is a promising method to produce biodiesel from high free fatty acid oils [29,30].…”

Present scenario and future scope of food waste to biofuel production

“…The search for newer energy sources to counter the global energy crisis has attained attention in recent years because of energy security and environmental sustainability (Sakuragi, Li, Otaka, & Makino, 2016). This has paved the way for the production of alternate energy sources from the FW which is available in plenty.…”

“…Sakuragi et al reported bio‐oil extraction from spent coffee grounds using liquefied dimethyl ether solvent and evaluated its potential as fuel on various parameters such as pour point, kinematic viscosity, and higher heating value, and so forth. The results revealed a maximum oil content (16.8%) which could be used as bio‐oil (Sakuragi et al, 2016). Kostyukevich et al reported a high yield (75%) of bio‐oil from cheese waste by hydrothermal liquefaction (Kostyukevich et al, 2017).…”

Enhancement of Lipid Extraction from Soya Bean by Addition of Dimethyl Ether as Entrainer into Supercritical Carbon Dioxide

“…In the most recent studies, the extraction of lipids from soya beans with SC-CO 2 [31] at 300 bar and 50 °C achieved a 6.59% yield. There is only one previous study on the extraction of lipids from soya bean -scum‖ using liquefied DME, which gave a 0.97% yield [32], less than that of SC-CO 2 . However, when the effects of species differences and individual differences are included, it is common for results to be very different, and this comparison cannot be used to judge SC-CO 2 as superior.…”